Managing Teams Challenging Throughout The Mission Side Of...

permission to talk. This makes managing teams challenging throughout the mission side of the organization. One national manager stated I’m of the mindset to give them more – tell them what you know as soon as you know. Like within reason what you know. Even if it means, things might change – if they’re going to change drastically, clearly you’re not in a position to, you know tell†¦ but if you have a sense, I would say communicate that with the caveat that there are a few things still moving but here’s the directly where we’re going. Having been a deliverer of the message and a receiver of the message, I prefer that model. Systems Systems are the supports that run the organization. The main systems issues that emerged from data collection†¦show more content†¦One staff in a health management role recalled prior to unification, I don’t think [we’re communication enough with staff right now]†¦ an example would be following every board meeting we used to have a staff meeting. But we’re less connected to that governing model, it seems. As a result, information is not shared in the same approach, and staff feel uninformed. It was further mentioned that staff and team meetings are too infrequent. Another concern with communications systems are the mechanism which exist. It was explained that important information often fall through the cracks or take too long to be disseminated because of the uncoordinated system.. A national manager offered a solution saying â€Å"access to more of your colleague’s calendars... would help in knowing what your colleagues were doing† so that staff can support each other and be informed about aligning efforts. Upon unification and with the change in leadership, a new communication mechanism was developed where people could email the national CEO questions in email form. However, staff participants indicated that this system doesn’t function well, in that people don’t feel comfortable with the communication system in place for providing feedback or asking questions. Staff indicated that there is no feedback loop to speak beyond one’s direct superior or to the common CEO email inquiries box. Staff are interested in a broader feedback system where discussions can happen at all levels of the

Biography of French Painter Jacques-Louis David Essay

My first choice of French painter, Jacques-Louis David’s work is Napoleon Crossing the Alps. As important as the Church of the Savor on Blood was and still is important to Russia, Jacques-Louis David was important to revolutionary France. He lived in a very turbulent time in France’s history. He was a passionate supporter of French Revolution and the idea of overthrowing the monarchy. As a French revolution came closer to reality, David turned away from a typical classical subject that he was trained to paint and turned his brushes and an imagination towards depicting political events that were surrounding him and France. One of the most iconic historical paintings has become Napoleon Crossing the Alps. The work is neo-classical, because†¦show more content†¦However, that pose Bonaparte refused, citing the fact that few people are interested in real similarity is sufficient to express the essence of genius. David kept similarity. The reality was less heroic Bon aparte poor rider, who crossed the Alps on a mule wearing a gray coat and suffered from sickness during the journey in the mountains. Here we see Napoleon mounted on a horse, a symbol of strength, energy, a noble naturalness. The composition is dynamic: the body axis of the Prancing Horse and the axis of the body of the rider form a strong cross. The horse and Napoleon stand like the carved image on the background of the cold gray- blue sky and snow-capped mountains. Its motion seems to be stalled, once and for all stop. Also, David created the image of Napoleon anticipates the images of the emperor, which will vary in every way artists romantic time - writers and picturesque graphics â€Å"the Napoleonic epic. The image of Napoleon resolved in heroic terms elated. Relying on illustrious ancestors who successfully crossed the Alps and whose names are engraved on the rocks, Hannibal in antiquity, Charlemagne (Carolus Magnus) to the Middle Ages, it shows that it is part of history. Napoleon Bonaparte is lit up from the front, and pushed by the wind. The sky tormented tears; this is the future of the country designated finger rider, Napoleon. The French army is in the background, pushed by the French flagShow MoreRelatedHow Does One Re Work History?2351 Words   |  10 Pagesthe history he wants to tell, and how much he wants to portray in his works . He photographs his subjects, and have them pose in the poses of the artists he draws inspiration from; Baroque Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens, British artist Thomas Gainsborough, and Napoleon’s court painter Jacques-Louis David. 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For several years he alternated between living andRead MoreAp European History Outline Chapter 10 Essay example5639 Words   |  23 PagesFlorence * Early humanists * Francesco Petrarch—the father of humanism * Wrote personal letters to Cicero, Livy, Virgil, and Horace * Wrote a Latin Epic poem, Africa, a tribute to a Roman general, and biographies of famous Roman men * Sonnets to Laura remains his most famous work * Classical and Christian values coexist in his works * Dante Alighieri * Wrote Vita Nuova and Divine Comedy which were far lessRead MoreRenaissance And Discovery Of The Renaissance4916 Words   |  20 Pagesa position as the head of classical learning at a university in Florence Francesco Petrarch—the father of humanism †¢ Wrote personal letters to Cicero, Livy, Virgil, and Horace †¢ Wrote a Latin Epic poem, Africa, a tribute to a Roman general, and biographies of famous Roman men †¢ Sonnets to Laura remains his most famous work †¢ Classical and Christian values coexist in his works Dante Alighieri †¢ Wrote Vita Nuova and Divine Comedy which were far less secular than Petrarch’s works Giovanni Boccaccio †¢Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Lyotard and the nature of knowledge Foucault: postmodernism, discourse, knowledge and power Organizational culture The challenges of postmodernism to organization theory Problematizing normal scienceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Prentice Hall, 2012) Management, 11th ed. with Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2012) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 10th ed., with David DeCenzo (Wiley, 2010) Prentice Hall’s Self-Assessment Library 3.4 (Prentice Hall, 2010) Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed., with David DeCenzo and Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Supervision Today! 7th ed., with David DeCenzo and Robert Wolter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Training in Interpersonal Skills: TIPS for Managing People at Work, 6th ed., with Phillip

Negative Aspects of Reality Shows Free Essays

In recent years we have seen how the reality shows have Increasingly Invaded our screens, and there is something that captivates people to the point that change their way of life and are carried away by this â€Å"fever†. Most of the people who watch this kind of shows believe that all what they see is real so they begin to feel identify with them. The audience imitates they behaviors and most of the time it Is negative. We will write a custom essay sample on Negative Aspects of Reality Shows or any similar topic only for you Order Now They turn violent, Irritable and susceptible to reactions. A big percentage of people who watches this believe that their way of being is normal, but it is not like that. There are certain manners or behaviors that we are used to watch, but it doesn’t mean it is normal at the point that we accept it as a way of life. What is true about this is that producers control everything and can alter or distort the actions of the actors. The actors are aware of this because when they sign their contract It Is specified over there. So, can we believe In everything we see? A key for success of these shows is the humiliation of the â€Å"actors†. Like American Idol or many others, because the jury criticizes them In a derogative way so the contestants leave the stage but being teased. The audience assimilates this as a normal process so if they don’t have skills they begin to feel shame of it or scared to people who can watch them doing things. Another negative thing is that they can think that humiliation is a necessary step to succeed, thing that is not true. We hooked not allow ourselves to be influenced by these shows and that Is why there are recommendations while watching them, such as: It Is not recommended for children and young people, therefore they can understand and analyze the background and have a very strong personality. All in all we must be alert and aware to see a reality show, because this can lead to unexpected and negative changes. The best one can do is to turn this experience into something good and know how to select those programs that teach us and help us develop. How to cite Negative Aspects of Reality Shows, Papers

Teaching Proposal Promotion

Question: Complete the "Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal." After completing the teaching proposal, review the teaching plan with a community health and public health provider in your local community. Answer: Overview of the work Plan of Bio-terrorism in a nutshell The topic theme: Bio-terrorism Specific signature of the lessons: Health Promotion in Community and Society Manner of deliverance: Blend of lectures, online session, clinical session Two hours lecture per week, clinical session (Curran, Ned and Winkleby, 2013) Competency in Community Health Care There are several agents of bio-terrorism. Community teaching is a novel task that includes both indirect and direct activities that facilitate the overall health outcomes. The Baccalaureate programs mainly facilitate diversity of options in nursing practice which is schematically forested to aid the graduates to accomplish The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice (AACN, 2008). There are a wide variety of characterizations of the particular practice and these are practice experiences, learning opportunities, strategies, clinical activities etc. The board of directors in AACN has formed a respective RN-BSN task force to scrutinize the opportunity for practical and academic experiences for the enrolled students in RN-BSN curriculum. The courses are responsible for both illustration of direct and indirect care practices linked to the health care service (Elwell, 2015). Respective students gather knowledge regarding the community health promotion concerning bio-terrorism within the society and how the designed framework can be applied for ensuring the better health care to the service provider. The population based health care system is illustrated in the lecture session. The community nursing is an essential component of the national community health services. It involves the district nurses, health visitors, pediatric and mental health surveillance nurses. They have to recognize any kind of physical disabilities in individuals and provide sufficient care in community and social health care set up. Next, we must come to point that, what are the responsibilities and task to be performed by nurses. Mainly, the task performed by them is for example that delivering emergency and common medicines for common disorders and sufferings. They should also provide general medicines and intravenous antibiotics and common wound healing medicines (Greenwald, 2003). Trained nurses and experienced health care professionals are mediators of this type of purpose for those who are affected to bio terrorism. They perform the task regarding the co-operation with patients and the families in such a way the proper information about service framework and care management settings in a hospital or community health service center will be reached to the public affected from bio-terrorism. This can also be in the form of anthrax virus that is used for the given purpose. Apart from the other sectors of health care providing system, the social and community segment has been focused to repetitive re-modulation. The community sector is very much significant for acquiring modification in its care and services that we want to cope up with the contemporary and upcoming challenges in front of the health care service and system. They are an indispensible factor in an endeavor to give community co-operative care, individual and person-centered care as well as targeting towards the overall improvement in public health services and finally the reduction in hospital admission as soon as possible. More than a few numbers of high-priority and effective government policies have been developed in such that the better health care would be provided with a rapid and emergency action. Purpose The proper training about the community health care delivering is the prime importance of the course work regarding bioterrorism. The aim and objective of this respective course study is to give proper training and instructions about how the community health care can be assured by health care professionals as well as the newly graduate nurses (Montgomery and Johnson, 2015). Proposed Outcome Particular teaching objective Learners have profusely engaged themselves in the course work. Preface to the course work, the attendees having no idea about the community health care plans, standardized outcome and basic schematic on the subject matter (Zandee et al., 2013) The trainer should introduce the respective lesson with utmost effort to cope up with student needs. The pre-determined learning format is used and some referred text books are read for knowledge gathering (Oudshoorn et al., 2013). Proposed teaching plan Learning aspiration Evaluation of activity Learning mode Organization comprehension Identification of the organizational facts about the factors affecting bioterrorism Literature review on Community health service on bioterrorism Epidemiological database Community health as a social policy- past and the future aspects Key aspects in re-modernization Public health service implementation Regulations and Legislations set by Government directive Quizzes and interactive session Discussion board Case study on community health issues- a certain disease outbreak in country Specialty assessment on community health lessons Group discussion and interaction Solving problem workbook Thorough reading and understanding journal articles and review papers Lecture notes Appliance Implementing community health study in bioterrorism Assessment of health protection aspects, practical and clinical excellence guidelines, understanding communal and personal belief Evidence based data on Health promotional strategy and Application of evidence based data to improvise the service policy Measuring quality to ensure better health care service Key aspects for policy improvement program Quizzes and interactive session Discussion board Drawbacks of the policy standards and legislation Approach to re-construct the policy standard Paper on community health examination Group discussions Field Survey on community health issues Exercise on community health assessment Exercise on community health evaluation Integration Consideration of social and communal health care issues and threats Prevalence rate of different diseases in the community Principles of nursing care Clinical judgment and decision making skills Community health issues and vulnerable disease and virus identification with bioterrorism (Simpson, 2012) Quizzes and interactive session Discussion board Promotional strategy for ensuring better health care management for vulnerable disease conditions Group discussion and interaction Exercise on community health and vulnerable disease control management Individual Assessment Self-assessment as a community nursing staff Social integrity advocating Health promotional strategy- personal beliefs and views in the population Behavioral and social intervention- key role of community health service Discussion board Learning assortment Group discussion and interaction Personal assessment test Service and Care Demonstration on personal ability as a service provider Advocating social justice Health promotional strategy- personal beliefs and views in the population Behavioral and social intervention- key role of community health service Improvement of health educationprogram for special community health issues Poster session Discussion board Group discussion and interaction Exercise and evaluation Lesson on learning techniques Self-learning procedure Understanding policy plans on community health Discussion board Improvement of health educationprogram for special community health issues Group discussion and interaction Exercise and evaluation Expected Outcome Community peoples are the main service user in the health care service system provided by the health care professionals concerning bioterrorism. In response to the nursing education sufficiency, the expected outcome would be observed and the better health care system is formulated. The disease suffering and rapid treatment and curing are forested as an overall outcome and response to the proper implementation of the training program. The student response is also important for nursing education program. The respective and contemporary changes are required to facilitate the indicative responsive manners (Sarker and Joarder, 2012). Reference List Curran, N., Ned, J. and Winkleby, M. (2013). Engaging Students in Community Health: A Public Health Advocacy Curriculum. Health Promotion Practice, 15(2), pp.271-280. Elwell, J. (2015). Practical Health Promotion. Journal of Christian Nursing, 32(3), pp.174-178. Greenwald, B. (2003). Health Fairs. Gastroenterology Nursing, 26(5), pp.191-194. Montgomery, M. and Johnson, P. (2015). Increasing Nursing Students' Knowledge of Health Promotion Through Community Engagement. Pedagogy in Health Promotion. Oudshoorn, A., Ward-Griffin, C., Poland, B., Berman, H. and Forchuk, C. (2013). Community Health Promotion With People Who Are Experiencing Homelessness. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 30(1), pp.28-41. Sarker, M. and Joarder, T. (2012). Intersectoral collaboration: a novel path to promote community health promotion. Global Health Promotion, 19(4), pp.7-8. Zandee, G., Bossenbroek, D., Slager, D. and Gordon, B. (2013). Teams of Community Health Workers and Nursing Students Effect Health Promotion of Underserved Urban Neighborhoods. Public Health Nursing, 30(5), pp.439-447.

Mother to Son and the Coora Flower free essay sample

In poetry, more so than any other form of literature, understanding sound, meaning and theme are key to understanding the work itself. In the case of the poems â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes and â€Å"The Coora Flower† by Gwendolyn Brooks these elements, when heavily focused upon, allow the reader to discover the message that these writers were attempting to convey. Thought both writers use these elements to their fullest to communicate their respective messages, the method and messages vary greatly. In the poem Mother to Son, Hughes tells the tale of a mother speaking to her son about life and the hardships that one must face to make it in the world. Hughes uses extended metaphor to establish this view. In the second line he writes â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair†, which initiates the metaphor. He then proceeds to describe the stair of her life. With the lines, â€Å"It’s had tacks in it, and splinters, and boards torn up, and places with no carpet on the floor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he support the mothers claim that like has not been a crystal stair case by using the metaphor to make a direct comparison between imperfections in the staircase and the pitfalls in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Mother to Son and the Coora Flower or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He continues on with the line â€Å"bare† symbolizing rock bottom, nothingness, the absence of value. Then poem then begins to rise in action to signify the continued climb and the need to continue on, which is seen in the following lines; â€Å"I’se been a-climbin’ on,/ and reachin’ landin’s,/ and turnin’ corners,/ and sometimes goin’ in the dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the narrator states to the son once more that they still continue to climb and that life was easy for them. The language and the line structure chosen by Hughes help facilitate the message. He use very simple language but is able to invoke strong emotions from the reader. The language would potentially lead the reader to believe that this is truly a simple woman who had to struggle everyday of her life to make it. If Hughes had used more formal language within the work I do believe the mood would have been lost. The use of â€Å"And† at the beginning of lines creates almost a stepping motion within the rhythm of the words. Lines four, five and six in conjunction with the use of â€Å"And† creates a feeling of stepping or maybe even falling down stairs. Each lines description gets progressively worse until there is nothing left, which signified having nothing left to lose. Then with lines ten, eleven and twelve the use of â€Å"And† creates the sense of climbing back up with the same speed at which you fell. Line twelve ends the climb in sound and creates a leveling off that coincides with the walk through the dark stated in the poem. This established a mood of cautiousness, feeling things are. I thought this was a perfect example of theme and sound coming together to support meaning. I especially like the lines, â€Å"Don’t you set down on the steps. / ‘Cause you find it’s kinder hard. It shows that giving up isn’t an option; that quitting is the easy way out and that continuing to struggle on and fight is what’s really difficult. She asks no more of the son than she would ask of herself because she knows that it can be done, she was able to accomplish it herself. In Brooks’ poem The Coora Flower, she writes about escapism and reality. The poem starts off with the narrator telling the reader what she le arned about and then we are snatched back into reality with the lines, â€Å"Now I am coming home. / This, at least, is Real, and what I know. The following stanzas construct the comparison between life in school which is the escape and the life outside which is reality; â€Å"It was restful, learning nothing necessary. / School is a tiny vacation. At least you can sleep†¦/ But now it’s Real Business. I am Coming Home. † And as we read on we discover that reality is harsh, cold, painful and unrelenting and that the other world is more optimistic, warm and liberated. â€Å"My mother will be screaming in an almost dirty dress. / The crack is gone. So a Man will be in the house. / I must watch myself. / I must not dare to sleep. These lines define reality within the poem. Brooks also relies heavily on nuances within the structure and language to establish the message. The stanzas that contain information about school are longer and articulate. The lines flow and are inviting. When the lines about reality are read they are short, cold and very deliberate; they give a sense of rigidity. The language is very d irect and in some case demanding â€Å"I must†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . All stanzas about what’s â€Å"real† are two lines long while the ones that focus on school are four lines long. The statements toward school came off as being very cynical to me. It was restful, learning nothing necessary†¦ At least you can sleep†, the use of â€Å"at least† in these lines and the line that follows are what created the cynicism for me. It seemed as if she didn’t respect what went on in school because it wasn’t the harshness of her everyday life. Capitalization is something that caught my attention. The word â€Å"Real† always has the first letter capitalized, which to me established a mood of seriousness within the statements that contained it. I feel this is true the second use of â€Å"Coming Home† and â€Å"Man† in line fourteen. The capitalization on these words was carefully chosen to continue facilitating the theme and meaning. There is one line in this poem that caught my attention and required me to reread repeatedly to get what she truly meant that line is â€Å"which is not free from grief†. At first I thought it was just in reference to the previous line â€Å"At least you can think of love or feeling your boy friend against you† but upon multiple readings I realized that this was in reference to the whole stanza. She’s hinting at the fact that even good things come with their element of heartache. I found that to be an interesting idea and it shows that the narrator may never be able to find peace, maybe she thrives on the hardship and anguish that comes with her life because that is all she knows. When the two works are placed side by side one would have a hard time make a connection between them. It is true that the differences between the works are great but elements exist in both; some minor, some major but all important. One could make the simple connection both individual were African- American doesn’t give them the respect they deserve. Also that connection would have to be made off historical references outside of the work because nothing in either work given you indication that they are African American. The connection that should be made is that the both wrote of adversity and hardship; that both used elements like structure, language, tone to convey their message but end the came out with very different view points. From a psychological perspective the reader can focus on the fact that in Hughes’ poem the adversity within it was deemed to be external to the one relationship shown. In the case of Brooks the adversity was internal to the shown relationship. In both situations the writers own their material, you get the sense that these works are true to life for both of them. But where Hughes’ work is empowering, Brooks’ work is saddening because you can’t see the light at the end of the tunnel for her narrator you just she the cold, harsh reality that is life, which was her intention. Her story was never meant to be uplifting it was meant to depress and sadden. Even in her few moments of joy, the narrator still could be happy because she knew at any moment it could all end. Both writers are successful at establishing a mood and theme throughout there works. I believe if these writers had an opportunity to sit down with either they would see elements of themselves in the other. In one case the young and still hopefully individual and in the other harden and scared individual that the young may become. But in the end these are my interpretations and it up to you to make your own. That’s the wonderful part about poetry it’s different for everyone who reads it.

Biography of Marco Polo, Famous Explorer

Biography of Marco Polo, Famous Explorer Marco Polo was an inmate in the Genoese prison at the Palazzo di San Giorgio from 1296 to 1299, arrested for commanding a Venetian galley in a war against Genoa. While there, he told tales of his travels through Asia to his fellow prisoners and the guards alike, and his cellmate Rustichello da Pisa wrote them down. Once the two were released from prison, copies of the manuscript, titled The Travels of Marco Polo, captivated Europe. Polo told tales of fabulous Asian courts, black stones that would catch on fire (coal), and Chinese money made out of paper. Ever since people have debated the question: Did Marco Polo really go to China, and see all of the things he claims to have seen? Early Life Marco Polo was probably born in Venice, although there is no proof of his place of birth, around 1254 CE. His father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo were Venetian merchants who traded on the Silk Road; little Marcos father left for Asia before the child was born, and would return when the boy was a teenager. He may not have even realized that his wife was pregnant when he left. Thanks to enterprising merchants such as the Polo brothers, Venice flourished at this time as the major trading hub for imports from the fabulous oasis cities of Central Asia, India, and far-off, wondrous Cathay (China). With the exception of India, the whole expanse of Silk Road Asia was under the control of the Mongol Empire at this time. Genghis Khan had died, but his grandson Kublai Khan was Great Khan of the Mongols as well as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China. Pope Alexander IV announced to Christian Europe in a 1260 papal bull that they faced wars of universal destruction wherewith the scourge of Heavens wrath in the hands of the inhuman Tartars [Europes name for the Mongols], erupting as it were from the secret confines of Hell, oppresses and crushes the earth. For men such as the Polos, however, the now stable and peaceful Mongol Empire was a source of wealth, rather than of hell-fire. Young Marco Goes to Asia When the elder Polos returned to Venice in 1269, they found that Niccolos wife had died and left behind a 15-year-old son named Marco. The boy must have been surprised to learn that he was not an orphan, as well. Two years later, the teenager, his father, and his uncle would embark eastward on another great journey. The Polos made their way to Acre, now in Israel, and then rode camels north to Hormuz, Persia. On their first visit to Kublai Khans court, the Khan had asked the Polo brothers to bring him oil from the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, which Armenian Orthodox priests sold in that city, so the Polos went to the Holy City to buy the consecrated oil. Marcos travel account mentions various other interesting peoples along the way, including Kurds and Marsh Arabs in Iraq. Young Marco was put off by the Armenians, considering their Orthodox Christianity a heresy, puzzled by Nestorian Christianity, and even more alarmed by the Muslim Turks (or Saracens). He admired the beautiful Turkish carpets with the instincts of a merchant, however. The naive young traveler would have to learn to be open-minded about new peoples and their beliefs. On to China The Polos crossed into Persia, through Savah and the carpet-weaving center of Kerman. They had planned to sail to China via India but found that the ships available in Persia were too rickety to be trusted. Instead, they would join a trade caravan of two-humped Bactrian camels. Before they departed from Persia, however, the Polos passed by the Eagles Nest, scene of Hulagu Khans 1256 siege against the Assassins or Hashshashin. Marco Polos account, taken from local tales, may have vastly exaggerated the fanaticism of the Assassins. Nevertheless, he was very happy to descend the mountains and take the road toward Balkh, in northern Afghanistan, famed as the ancient home of Zoroaster or Zarathustra. One of the oldest cities on earth, Balkh did not live up to Marcos expectations, primarily because Genghis Khans army had done its best to erase the intransigent city from the face of the Earth. Nonetheless, Marco Polo came to admire Mongol culture, and to develop his own obsession with Central Asian horses (all of them descended from Alexander the Greats mount Bucephalus, as Marco tells it) and with falconry - two mainstays of Mongol life. He also began to pick up the Mongol language, which his father and uncle already could speak well. In order to get to the Mongolian heartlands and Kublai Khans court, however, the Polos had to cross the high Pamir Mountains. Marco encountered Buddhist monks with their saffron robes and shaved heads, which he found fascinating. Next, the Venetians traveled toward the great Silk Road oases of Kashgar and Khotan, entering the fearsome Taklamakan Desert of western China. For forty days, the Polos trudged across the burning landscape whose very name means you go in, but you dont come out. Finally, after three and a half years of hard travel and adventure, the Polos made it to the Mongol court in China. In Kublai Khans Court When he met Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, Marco Polo was just 20 years old. By this time he had become an enthusiastic admirer of the Mongol people, quite at odds with the opinion in most of the 13th century Europe. His Travels notes that They are those people who most in the world bear work and great hardship and are content with little food, and who are for this reason suited best to conquer cities, lands, and kingdoms. The Polos arrived in Kublai Khans summer capital, called Shangdu or Xanadu. Marco was overcome by the beauty of the place: The halls and rooms... are all gilded and wonderfully painted within with pictures and images of beasts and birds and trees and flowers... It is fortified like a castle in which are fountains and rivers of running water and very beautiful lawns and groves. All three of the Polo men went to Kublai Khans court and performed a kowtow, after which the Khan welcomed his old Venetian acquaintances. Niccolo Polo presented the Khan with the oil from Jerusalem. He also offered his son Marco to the Mongol lord as a servant. In the Khans Service Little did the Polos know that they would be forced to remain in Yuan China for seventeen years. They could not leave without Kublai Khans permission, and he enjoyed conversing with his pet Venetians. Marco, in particular, became a favorite of the Khans  and incurred a lot of jealousy from the Mongol courtiers. Kublai Khan was extremely curious about Catholicism, and the Polos believed at times that he might convert. The Khans mother had been a Nestorian Christian, so it was not so great a leap as it might have appeared. However, conversion to a western faith might have alienated many of the emperors subjects, so he toyed with the idea but never committed to it. Marco Polos descriptions of the wealth and splendor of the Yuan court, and of the size and organization of Chinese cities, struck his European audience as impossible to believe. For example, he loved the southern Chinese city of Hangzhou, which at that time had a population of about 1.5 million people. That is about 15 times the contemporary population of Venice, then one of Europes largest cities and European readers simply refused to give credence to this fact. Return by Sea By the time Kublai Khan reached the age of 75 in 1291, the Polos probably had just about given up hope that he would ever allow them to return home to Europe. He also seemed determined to live forever. Marco, his father, and his uncle finally got permission to leave the Great Khans court that year, so that they could serve as escorts of a 17-year-old Mongol princess who was being sent to Persia as a bride. The Polos took the sea route back, first boarding a ship to Sumatra, now in Indonesia, where they were marooned by changing monsoons for 5 months. Once the winds shifted, they went on to Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and then to India, where Marco was fascinated by Hindu cow-worship and mystical yogis, along with Jainism and its prohibition on harming even a single insect. From there, they voyaged on to the Arabian Peninsula, arriving back at Hormuz, where they delivered the princess to her waiting bridegroom. It took two years for them to make the trip from China back to Venice; thus, Marco Polo likely was just about to turn 40 when he returned to his home city. Life in Italy As imperial emissaries and savvy traders, the Polos returned to Venice in 1295 laden with exquisite goods. However, Venice was embroiled in a feud with Genoa over control of the very trade routes that had enriched the Polos. Thus it was that Marco found himself in command of a Venetian war galley, and then a prisoner of the Genoese. After his release from prison in 1299, Marco Polo returned to Venice and continued his work as a merchant. He never went traveling again, however, hiring others to make expeditions instead of taking on that task himself. Marco Polo also married the daughter of another successful trading family and had three daughters. In January of 1324, Marco Polo died at the age of about 69. In his will, he freed a Tartar slave who had served him since his return from China. Although the man had died, his story lived on, inspiring the imaginations and adventures of other Europeans. Christopher Columbus, for example, had a copy of Marco Polos Travels, which he notated heavily in the margins. Whether or not they believed his stories, the people of Europe certainly loved to hear about the fabulous Kublai Khan and his wondrous courts at Xanadu and Dadu (Beijing). Sources Bergreen, Laurence. Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu, New York: Random House Digital, 2007. â€Å"Marco Polo.† Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 15 Jan. 2019, www.biography.com/people/marco-polo-9443861. Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo, trans. William Marsden, Charleston, SC: Forgotten Books, 2010. Wood, Frances. Did Marco Polo Go to China?, Boulder, CO: Westview Books, 1998.

The Unpositives of the Dick and Carey Model Research Paper

The Unpositives of the Dick and Carey Model - Research Paper Example The method involves some disadvantages that hinder the effectiveness of the instruction process (Woolf & International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The methodology, when looked at closely, displays some suggestions. Firstly, the design involves the reduction model which disintegrates the components into simpler components. This implies that the teacher requires adopting a careful method of delivering the components to avoid losing track. Secondly, the tutor requires adopting the proper learning conditions. The wrong use of the conditioning learning can sometimes result in poor understanding from the pupils’ side. Thirdly, there appears the need for the application of an instructional system design: the system design requires adopting the system that facilitates instruction designing. Fourthly, the tutor requires implementing an extensively range of ideas including K12, business, administration, beginner, and expert (Woolf & International Conference on Int elligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The model summarizes the methodology plan and development process. The authors view a system as, in principle, a combination of parts that rely on each other to facilitate the intended goal. The model acquired the name ‘system approach’ since it comprises components that relate to one another. The components have input and output. This means that a wrong input definitely results to a negative input. Dick and Carey view that the model uses the system approach with credible reasoning (Woolf & International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The systematic approach implies that the moment the teacher messes up the strategy, the whole procedure of learning ends up messed up. The results might imply that the teacher lost track of what the learner was required to learn. The components of the system though closely linked together might result into the wrong output since the input in the first place was wrong. The process involv ed in the system is practicable and can be replicated. The step that takes place in the ISD utilizes a set of procedures and techniques that the instructional designers require to adopt in planning, expanding, and assessing instructions (Woolf & International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008). The steps adopted include identification of the instructional goals; at this juncture, the instructor should identify the syllabus coverage as the course culminates. The goals require taking into consideration the needs considerations and the requirements of the learner. The instructors are required to identify the steps and sub-steps that will facilitate attainment of the goals by the learner. Instructional analysis scrutinizes the skills, know-hows, and attitudes that the learner’s exhibit and the ones they are supposed to hold prior to the instruction session. These skills can also be termed as the entry behaviors. The learner and the contexts that facilitate their le arning are scrutinized in parallel in the course of instruction analysis. The learners’ skills at the beginning of the instructions, preferences and attitudes become evident at this stage. The instruction situation where the new skills apply undergoes some analysis. The information attained at this stage becomes vital as it determines the strategy to be adopted in the course of the instruction

European business practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

European business practice - Essay Example Moreover, its enlargement throughout the European region has facilitated the region’s growth. In this article, functions of the EU will be analyzed so as to comprehend the implications of EU operations to its member states. The European Union is currently the world’s largest market. This political-economic union currently boasts of 28 member states, majority of which are European States. Since its establishment after the aftermath of World War II, the union has been successful in its expansion and success in the political and economic scene (Gilbert 2012).The EU is driven to achieve its five main objectives for the overall benefit of its member state. First, the EU strives to establish freedom, security and justice without internal frontiers among member states, secondly, the EU is determined to promote an internal market where competition is free and undistorted. Third, the Union strives to promote innovative technologies among member states and lastly, the union strives to promote economic, social and territorial cohesion and solidarity among member states (Europa 2014). Since its genesis, the union has significantly achieved its purpose of market integration and cohesion 28 among member state s. The genesis of EU dates back from 1945 to 1993. However, its integration had been proposed as early as the 14th century (Artis & Nikson 2007). The Second World War had led to detrimental effects in the economy of European states. Consequentially, 20 million lives were lost during the war in Europe alone. Moreover, the region had incurred numerous capital losses. Inevitably, the political and military reconstruction of World War II facilitated the need for an economic integration (Artis & Nikson 2007). The cold war of 1950 also worsened the economic situation of the region. The dream of an integrated EU was strongly influenced by the historical experiences of its founding fathers (Artis & Nikson 2007). The pioneers

Positioning and Communications Strategy for a New Weight-Loss Drug Essay

Positioning and Communications Strategy for a New Weight-Loss Drug Overweight Adults in the U.S - Essay Example She was the company’s senior director of marketing. Her 20 years of experience in the industry as the marketing head of prescription drugs for the company helped it achieve these profitable heights (Friedhoff 45). In the recent past, she was responsible for leading six drug campaigns for the company’s most successful drug called Zimistat. Up-to-date the company has not had another successful drug in comparison to Zimistat. In this case, Barbara’s first order of business was developing a reliable positioning strategy and viable marketing communication strategy for the drug. In 2008, the company awaited patiently for FDA approval with plans of launching the product in the next year. Executive Summary Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP) publicized a first of its kind prescription drug FDA approved drug tailored for moderately overweight individuals named Metabical. The company conducted trial on overweight participants who reached their expected weight loss goa ls in 12 weeks. Despite the delays in pricing, the company estimated the price of the drug as $3-$5 per day. The least treatment period covered 12 weeks. This report sheds light on the development of a reliable positioning strategy and viable marketing communication strategy for the company’s drug. ... This also aids in the identification of potential market targets. The third section is the SWOT analysis for the product. This identifies the potential strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for the drug. Thus, the company identifies the communication strategy to adopt in the advertising of the drug. The final focus is the most appropriate communication strategy that suits best the drug. This is advantageous as the company enhances better communication with the consumers. The company spent much money and time on FDA trials and in R&D in trying to decide on the most appropriate marketing communications strategy and positioning plan. Barbara was aware that so as to recover this lump sum investment, the drug required two issues addressed. These included the need for a steady, long-term demand, and a successful launch to attract customers. She reasoned that if the drug did not reach out and appeal to the customers, Metabical’s credibility would raise questions as the FD A approval would be of little significance. Barbara’s challenges came in the optimal segmentation, the positioning and targeting of the Metabical drug. After establishing this, she could now concentrate her energies on creating a time schedule for all major activities and assessing the current communicating and marketing strategies. The case studies helped her in posing several questions. These include: a. Who are the most suited target consumers? b. How are the participants going to get instructions from the company? c. Where are the participants coming from and how to contact them? d. What was the most appropriate message for delivery drafted for the participants? Problem Statement A summary of overweight and obesity issue in the U.S. In reference to

The Global Container Shipping Industry

The Global Container Shipping Industry The global container shipping industry can be characterized as an oligopoly. Moreover, there are few sellers and the provided services or products are quite similar. It is important to examine the market structure in three levels: the industry, the alliances and the trade level. The market is characterized by globalization. As a result, there is a need to meet customers demands and invest in resources as well as technology. So we can say mention the expansion of the world economy and the world trade. Shipping companies have two choices, form an alliance or the other one is mergers and acquisitions. I will also use a graphic explanation to present the trends and how the industry has evolved over the past years. Lastly, this assignment mentions the importance of the oligopolistic characteristics in the global container shipping industry. THE INDUSTRY In the global container shipping industry we could meet collusions which are more commonly known as shipping conferences. We all know that their principal activity is to fix freight rates in certain routes and set barriers in the entry of new firms. Conferences are cartels acting like monopolists, because there were substantial scale economies in the industry that led to a small number of firms (Marshall,1921). After the abolishment of the anti-monopoly immunity of freight conferences (18 October 2008, Regulation 4056/86) and given the trend of growing consolidation the market evolves into a more collusive market where operational agreements are more important. The market has become more concentrated and the smallest operators have a market share of less than 1% each. As we can observe from table 1 above top 10 carriers have a market share of 63.5%. Comparing to the market share of top ten carriers in 2000 which was 49.3% (alphaliner) there is a remarkable increase in market share as well as in total TEUs. Moreover, few firms hold most of the market power and probably can influence in a high grade the market. They can set entry barriers and also make agreements on the freight rates. It is very important for firms to cooperate and acting like monopolists. As a result, each firm must be aware of the other players actions. Due to, this oligopolistic characteristic the industry is more complex and needs to face many factors. Moreover, the rapidly changing customer requirements, the deployment of ever larger container vessels, advances in information technology, increasing competition and intense consolidation.( ) Leading to few firms controlling the high trade routes and to the phenomenon of multi-trade strategic alliances. ALLIANCES We can also measure the degree of concentration by analyzing the alliances that have been created over the past years. This is a common implication in oligopolistic markets and of great importance. An alliance helps to obtain greater market shares and control more effectively the trade routes as well as the capacity. We can notice almost five advantages in the trend of alliances in the global container shipping industry. Furthermore, it can serve more efficient wider geographically routes. Secondly, they can plan their vessels in a more global scope. Of course, there is less risk, because risks are shared. They can offer more frequent services to their customers, meaning more frequent schedules. Lastly, economies of scale become more visible and there is also an increase in the size of the ships. (Ryoo, 2000) It is noteworthy to analyze three of the most important alliances over the past years. Furthermore, these three alliances started with an agreement on collaboration for east-west trades and then extended to north-south services. The first alliance we will examine is New World Alliance. It includes mainly APL, MOL and HMM. Its overall capacity in TEUs is 1.161.468 and owns 282 vessels. Imagine that in 2000 the capacity of this alliance was 325.487 and the number of vessels 90. As we can see it highly increased its market share and this is very important in oligopolistic markets, because you can influence the market as well as manage more properly the capacity. Another noteworthy alliance is the Grand Alliance. In February 2006, after PO withdrawal the new Grand Alliance formed by Hapag-Lloyd, OOCL, and NYK Line. Its overall capacity in TEUs is 1.187.607 and owns 288 vessels. In 1996 it owned only 255.705 TEUs and 72 vessels. Grand alliance manages twelve services in the transpacific trade. Lastly, this alliance has showed the most stable formation comparing to the other two alliances. The greatest alliance is CKYH with main partners Hanjin, Yang Ming, K Line and COSCO. It counts 1.548.508 TEUs and 400 vessels. It manages eight services on the Europe Asia route which has the largest capacity in TEUs. Surely, this alliance has a great market share and also is highly competitive. Of course, alliances have a great impact in the market share, but it is difficult to cooperate as the size of the group increases. They act like monopolists, because they can influence the price. Competition makes difficult to other firms to compete or enter in the market. This characteristic is of highly importance in order to survive in this tough market where overcapacity and decreasing demand exists nowadays. Firms may find many reasons why to join an alliance: strategic reasons, operational reasons, in order to increase or decrease connectivity to increase or decrease capacity, to introduce a new service, to suspend a service, to merge services, to demerge services, to offer slots for charter and to offer slots. (Panayides, 2011) TRADE LEVEL We will examine the trade level of two routes, Black Sea Far East and US trade. Moreover, we will focus on the trade lane with port ranges at either end. (Brooks, 2000) In the route Black Sea Far East the top seven firms have a market share of total 89%, so the other firms have only the rest 11%. Surely, there is a very high percent of concentration in this trade route. Moreover, MSC holds 23,15%, Maersk Line 20,33%, CMA-CGM 13,81%, Zim 13,55%, CSAV Norasia 11,64%, Hapag Lloyd 4,99% and K Line 1,53%. (www.dynamar.com) We can conclude that a tight oligopoly exists in the trade line of Black Sea Far East. Meaning that the production rises but there is a decrease in price, because the firms possess large shares and acting more like monopolists. Furthermore, it is difficult for new firms to enter this lane. The other trade line that we will examine is US which is more complicated than the previous one. Moreover, the top ten firms hold almost a 65% of the total market share. So we can say again that in trade line exists an oligopoly, but the firms are much more and hold less market shares. Maersk Line market share is 15,27%, Evergreen 7,67%, Mediterranean Shg Co 7,20%, Hanjin 6,54%, APL 6,18%, Hapag Lloyd 6,05%, COSCO Container Lines 4,28%, OOCL 4,26%, NYK 4,04% and China Shg C.L 3,90%. A close exam of this market shows us that competition is greater, but the market is larger and very attractive to new firms. As a result, if we use efficiently the oligopolistic characteristics firms will increase their market shares and it will be more difficult for new firms to enter. Of course it is difficult to cooperate efficiently when the size of the group increases, but you can handle more adequate the capacity and the competition something that is very important nowadays. After analyzing these two different trade lines we understood the meaning of the existence of the oligopolistic characteristics. Moreover, capacity can be handled more efficiently and minimize competition by increasing your shares. GRAPHIC EXPLANATION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF OLIGOPOLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE GLOBAL CONTAINER SHIPPING INDUSTRY I believe a better explanation can be given by using a graphic explanation to mention the importance of the oligopolistic characteristics in the global container shipping industry. Moreover, we know from theory that in perfect competition demand curve intersects Marginal Cost curve at the market price P* and it supplies quantity Q*. The firms in this graph are price takers, because there are no entry barriers. Now let see what an oligopolistic firm will do. It will reduce quantity to Q0 and at the same time will increase the price P0 until Marginal Cost equals Marginal Revenue. However, a deadweight loss (consumer and producer) will be created, meaning that the welfare losses to the economy. Lastly, we can observe a surplus to the firm as an oligopoly profit. This result can be represented in the global container shipping industry by selling at greater prices and offering lower services. Furthermore, smaller containers, slower service etc as the market becomes more oligopolistic. Secondly, firms may try to increase their market power or setting entry barriers. Of course these two result to collusion practices. Moreover, greater concentration can create collusions and reduce coordination costs. However, there are also benefits from the increase in concentration. A firm may increase its profits by taking market power from its rivals. This action can motivate the firm to offer a better product or service. In shipping industry a better product or service means offering larger containers than other firms or by investing in research and development. Moreover, a firm may invest in order to keep consumers loyal. So the firms can behave more competitively. As the market is acting like an oligopoly, it has resulted in two major trends. First, there has been an increase in container ship sizes. Secondly, there has been an important growth in container throughput. For example, seventeen of the top twenty five routes are served with ships exceeding 9000 TEUs. On the other hand, using larger ships you need to make enormous investments in port infrastructure. Lastly, it has reduced the costs of transportation and local economies have been transformed to global economies. Conclusion The global container shipping industry is mainly an oligopoly (few players and mainly provide similar services). I tried to mention the importance of the oligopolistic characteristics in this market. Moreover, I noticed that big alliances control the majority of the total market share and also high concentration exists even in the trade routes. Highly concentrated markets lead in many occasions to collusions or cartels. It is very dangerous due to anti-trust laws, especially after the abolishment of the anti-monopoly immunity. However, such agreements are very beneficial for the participating firms. It is best off to cooperate, but it is very difficult especially when the size of the group increases. From the graphic explanation we concluded that it is better to produce small quantity and charge prices above marginal cost. Nevertheless, it is up to firms if they are going to have negative or positive results. In my opinion, the oligopolistic characteristics in the global container sh ipping industry lead the market to evolve and become capable to handle the phenomenon of overcapacity and increasing fuel costs.

Pizza Hut in Brazil Essay -- Business Marketing Case Study, solution

Pizza Hut in Brazil Starting a business in a new country requires a lot of research. It is important to understand that country's political and economic system as well as cultural values. To establish business in Brazil, Pizza Hut had to study the complex history of Brazilian economy and politics. It is important to remember that Brazil was a dictatorship for 20 years, from 1964 until 1984.1 During this period it was impossible to implement any kind of foreign business in Brazilian soil. After the authoritarian regime was over, Brazil had its first election in 1984. However, it was not democratic. The only ones allowed to vote were political leaders. It was a big step towards democracy, though. The elected president (Tancredo Neves) passed away right after election. His vice-president became the leader and ruled for four years. It was in 1988 that Pizza Hut implemented its first restaurant in Brazil. The economy was beginning to open up. It was only in 1990 that Brazil had its first democratic elections. In 1994 Fernando Henrique Cardoso was elected president. This president had been the minister of finance for the former government and he performed "miracles" in the Brazilian economy. Brazil's economy has a lot of potential. Throughout Brazilian economic history, the government has had an economic policy based on import substitution and it was also trying to switch from agriculture to industry. To insentivate domestic industry, the government established protective tariffs and import quotas. Most of the enterprises were owned by State such as: steel, oil, infrastructure, and others. These firms also received subsidize "long-term credit expand." For these reasons it had been difficult to establish ventures in Brazil. During the 60s and 70s the economy began to heat up and inflation began to rise reaching an average of 20% a year. Consequently, the government tried to slow down inflation by raising interest rates. However, "the large concentration of industrial power resulted in price inflexibility." The prices were high above costs. "Due to the protection, foreign trade remained a small percentage of the GDP." In 1973 the first oil shock caused some problems for Brazil. Even though Brazil is very rich in natural resources, it depends on imported oil. The government had to borrow money, but 50% of foreign debt was done by state owned ent... ... they have different toppings. It is a mix of America and Brazil. It is an American pizza with a Brazilian topping." Pizza Hut remains openly optimistic about its future in Brazil. It took them a period of adaptation to understand the politics, the economy, and the culture of the country. After that period was passed, it was easier for them to make more accurate predictions of what is efficient and what is not. Today there are 63 units of Pizza Hut in Brazil. Nineteen of those are located in Sà £o Paulo. Only this year 2 new restaurants were opened in Sà £o Paulo. As Zani alleged, investment in "advertising, marketing, changes in product, and reductions of prices" caused a positive return for the company. Bibliography: 1John D. Daniels and Lee H. Radebaugh, International Business: Environment and Operations (USA: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1998), 181. 2Adelaide de Almeida, "Pizza Hut no Brasil." Interview by Lia W. de Araà ºjo, in person, (December, 1999). 36Reinaldo Zani, "Pizza Hut no Brasil." Interview by Adonias Costa de Araà ºjo, email and fax, (December, 1999). 4Claudia Araà ºjo, "Pizza Hut no Brasil." Interview by Lia W. de Araujo, telephone, (December, 1999).

Discussion and Lab Questions Essay

Discussion Questions: Who is someone that you feel you have a positive relationship with? What role do you think openness and truthfulness have in making this relationship positive?- I think that I have a positive relationship with my high school coach because she is always there for me if I need something and she listens to what’s have to say. Even though she is older then I am, I feel like we are best friends and we understand each other. I think they have an effect on the relationship because without trust and being open with them, they maybe will not trust you and May have a hard time believing what you are saying. What effects do you think the various types of media (TV, Internet, newspapers, Facebook, etc†¦) have on your own life and your family? Do you think the overall effect is negative or positive? How can parents reduce the negative effects?-I think it has a big effect on the family because everyone is always on their phone and you never are able to have a family discussion on how things are doing. They are always focused on the internet, tv, phones, etc. 5.09 Lab Questions: 1.How can parents avoid temper tantrums?- Parents can avoid temper tantrums by having a plan for when they are put into this situation. 2.What are the A, B, Cs?- The A is attribute and that is what you would want your child to learn. The B is the behavior that you want your child to accommodate with what you have learned. C is the compassion that you want your child to compare with their behavior. 3.Do you think using consequences and following the ABC process will help shape a child’s behavior? Why or why not?- I do think that the ABC process with help as long as the consequence is related to what they did and will make a difference. The child will also realize that you are serious and will want the consequences to stop to change their behavior. 1.What are some of the reasons why people may not talk to babies as much  today as they used to?- They probably don’t talk to them as much because the parenting structures have changed and people now are much too busy. 2.Why do you think developing language skills is important for a child? – I think developing language skills is important because it affects their ability to make friends, be sociable and emotionally good people. 3.What are some of the ways that parents can encourage the development of language skills? – Parents can encourage the development of language skills by communicating with their child and listening to them so that they can practice and not feel as stressed when they talk to people.

Jetblue Strategic Analysis Essay Example

Jetblue Strategic Analysis Essay Example Jetblue Strategic Analysis Paper Jetblue Strategic Analysis Paper Strategic Analysis Of JetBlue Airways Executive Summary This report on JetBlue identifies how they have become an innovator in the airline industry by targeting customers who value a low-cost, customer conscious airline. They have formulated strategies that have enabled them to operate in a highly efficient and effective manner while realizing the importance of aligning their strategies with their environment. The report thoroughly discusses the strengths and weaknesses that the company possesses in their internal environment, followed by an in-depth analysis of the threats and opportunities of existing within their external environment. The strategy of the company is analyzed in comparison with both their internal and external environment in order to formulate possible strategic recommendations. Proper implementation strategies of the recommendations are also given to identify how the company can be better aligned with its environment and continue to grow as a highly successful company in the airline industry. Strategic Analysis of JetBlue Airways This report is an extensive analysis of JetBlue’s overall corporate strategies and how well they are aligned with their internal and external environments. It will focus on the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that exist as well as identify possible ways in which they can improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. As a relatively new airline JetBlue has redefined the industry by utilizing a combination of low-cost and differentiation as their core strategy. Since the company’s inception in 1999 they have become an innovator of new ideas and have led other airlines to follow some of their own practices due to the overall success of the company. JetBlue has succeeded as an airline that targets travelers who want a low-fare, high-value, customer service oriented flight to and from specific locations in popular metropolitan areas. To comprehend the success of the company, there are key factors that must be analyzed thoroughly in order to understand what allows them to be a competitive, profitable, and successful organization. To begin to understand JetBlue’s success as a newcomer to the industry you have to analyze their internal and external environments in comparison to their overall strategy. Strengths JetBlue’s strategy is focused on keeping costs low, while also utilizing new technology and guaranteeing customer satisfaction. The company’s strengths are what set them apart from other airlines. JetBlue’s long list of strengths begins with their pricing strategies. The customer value that is created by the company has proven to be a huge part of their success. In order to be a cost leader they started by purchasing only one model of aircraft which allows for easier and less expensive repairs and maintenance costs. Their low cost strategy also stems from the idea of eliminating any unnecessary operating costs, such as having paperless cockpits and not offering meals during flight. Differentiation has also allowed them to gain a notable advantage over the competition by realizing that customers are the most important part of the company. Customer satisfaction is a top priority within the company and all employees are instructed to make sure that all of their customers are happy at all times. The ways in which they have distinguished themselves include assigning seats with more legroom and satellite TV for all seats, offering complementary snacks and beverages, and also promoting online ticket sales and flight check-in. The organizational culture within the company is one that exhibits values, integrity, and empowerment which is a strength that most of the competition does not possess. Employees are hired based on their competencies and motivation to work in a customer-oriented environment. The company is also committed to their employees’ satisfaction and rewards are given to those who show initiative on the job. Another highly important strength is the executive level of management, which is comprised of experienced, knowledgeable people who have great leadership skills and are focused on their growth strategy and the sustainability of the company. JetBlue’s strengths are easily recognizable and they all integrate well with their corporate strategy. Weaknesses Although JetBlue is considered successful this is not to say that they do not have weaknesses that exist within the company. The small size of the company in comparison to other airlines is a major weakness that they have. Because JetBlue is relatively small they have to focus more on differentiating themselves in the industry, which could effectively lead to less popularity as the competition increases. Due to the fact that they are such a small company they also have a limited number of locations throughout the nation. Following their functional strategy of providing cheaper costs at underserved airports, they have effectively limited their potential to target customers in return. This leaves a question to be asked, if they are successful at their current locations that may not be heavy traffic areas, why could they not be just as, if not more successful in larger, higher traffic locations? Although they have expanded their hubs in a few regions since inception they have done so at a slow pace. Another weakness that should be recognized is the lack of marketing and promotion. JetBlue does use some marketing strategies within the markets that they operate in, yet very few media or publication advertisements are seen outside of those markets. Opportunities The weaknesses of JetBlue could also be considered opportunities to the company. The opportunities that exist are all great ways to improve profitability and brand image, which would be consistent with their own operational strategy. Expansion into other locations including international regions is perhaps their biggest opportunity for growth. Due to the deregulation of international air travel, it would be easier to implement the same low-cost strategy for operating outside of the United States. Another idea would be to create a joint venture with another international airline in order to take advantage of the international market, which would lower risks and investment capital. Technology and the Internet can both be beneficial to their strategy. Airplane technology continues to improve in design, safety, and maintenance. These improvements allow for less fuel consumption, lower repair costs, and fewer mechanical failures. These advancements in technology would be an excellent opportunity to lessen the operating costs associated with using older models. The Internet also offers a great way to market them as being a low-cost, high-value industry leader who actually values their customers’ satisfaction. The Internet has proven to be the cheapest, most profitable form of advertisement that reaches more people than any other form. By promoting the use of the Internet for automated sales and utilizing the available technology, they can lower labor costs and increase value even further for customers. Threats Altogether the airline industry has seen increased threats from the external environment in recent years, by not formulating and implementing strategies to effectively handle the threats that JetBlue is faced with currently and in the future, they will most likely have a negative impact on the company’s sustainability. A major threat that should be of concern is the fierce competition in the industry, and the possibility of other low-cost strategies being implemented by much larger companies. The imitability of both their differentiation and cost strategies are rather high and practically any competitor can easily implement both, forcing JetBlue to sustain a competitive advantage. Due to their small size and little brand recognition they must be effective in preventing the competition from overtaking their target market. Along with the substantial threat of entry into the low cost arena, there is the rising costs of fuel and high bargaining price of suppliers in the industry. The increased inflation rates of products, as well as the economic downturn are subsequently huge threats that should be considered when implementing their future financial strategy. Security threats and increased government regulations throughout the industry create a new threat to all airlines. This has increased costs and lowered the profit margin for JetBlue and limits their ability to maintain the low cost structure as well. These threats can all have a critical impact on the company, but if they are properly planned for there is a much greater chance to succeed in the future. Strategic Recommendations After analyzing JetBlue’s internal and external environment and contrasting them with their corporate strategy, this report concludes that overall they are an efficient company that needs little improvement. Aside from the recommendations discussed above there are a few more that might slightly improve their future sustainability. Their core competencies easily distinguish them from most of the competition and those strengths are what gives them the competitive advantage to become more successful. JetBlue’s low prices are what define them and it is necessary to keep their prices low and keep the customers happy as the company grows. The first recommendation would be that in-depth appraisals in all areas of the organization should be performed non-stop. The information gained should immediately impact any area that is falling behind, and the necessary changes should be made. As mentioned before, expanding to other markets is a strategy that should be implemented quickly, but considering the needs of business travelers would also be an opportunity to attract a larger market. Maybe they could include power outlets, unlimited wi-fi access, and noise cancelling headphones all of which would appeal to both business and regular customers. A marketing strategy that emphasizes their luxurious amenities offered compared to the low-cost flights, would be an extremely effective campaign especially once the target market is expanded. Another idea might be to consider venturing into a partnership that might include a website similar to Travelocity. com allowing consumers to find hotels, restaurants, and flights from other airlines and comparing their prices to JetBlue’s. Growth is limited to the resources available, so in effect they should ensure that all their resources are utilized to the upmost efficiency. Consideration of implementing the above recommendations and continuing the practices currently in place should allow JetBlue to continue to be an innovator and a successful company in the future. They have great management, an excellent workforce, and are highly concerned about their customers’ satisfaction, all of which are aligned with the vision, mission, and strategy of the organization.

Free Essays on Racism In Othello

RACISM IN OTHELLO My aim in this study is to show how racist elements dominate the play, â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare. Generally, in Othello race and colour are important factors and they repeated in various ways. W. Shakespeare tries to instill the idea of equality in all people.. He thinks that all humans on the earth created equally. Because of this reason, W. Shakespeare created Othello who is a protagonist as a black man. He gives Othello an important duty. Shakespeare portrayed Othello as a commander in the army of Venice and he is the husband of Desdemona who is white and wealthy woman. Obviously, Shakespeare uses black man for the role of important character. Besides, Shakespeare creates a romantic relationship between black and white (Othello & Desdemona) but most people think that their relationship is wrong. At the time the play was written, 1604, even the Queen of England was racist, so there must have been a strong hatred of blacks around that time. Donald Hall asserts that â€Å" Elizabethan society and theatre were more conservative. In this period, society were prosperous, expanding, energetic, adventurous and imperialistic. Elizabethan England was colourful, chaotic and relatively lawless....† (Hall, p:200). As you see, in this period, society is more chaotic and we know that all notions about racism since today rooted from those times. According to Elizabethans all qualities of moors are all negative. At that time, moors were supposed sexual capacity, savage jealousy, superstitiousness and belief in magic, tendency to anger, cruelty and savagery. Truly, it’s still common not only in England but also all around the world. I believe that, by discovering America, slavery developed and in the end, it did not finished but decreased by Martin Luther King’s effort in 70’s. But still today, racist people feel same things towards to black people. That is to say, blackness in Elizabethan Engla... Free Essays on Racism In Othello Free Essays on Racism In Othello RACISM IN OTHELLO My aim in this study is to show how racist elements dominate the play, â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare. Generally, in Othello race and colour are important factors and they repeated in various ways. W. Shakespeare tries to instill the idea of equality in all people.. He thinks that all humans on the earth created equally. Because of this reason, W. Shakespeare created Othello who is a protagonist as a black man. He gives Othello an important duty. Shakespeare portrayed Othello as a commander in the army of Venice and he is the husband of Desdemona who is white and wealthy woman. Obviously, Shakespeare uses black man for the role of important character. Besides, Shakespeare creates a romantic relationship between black and white (Othello & Desdemona) but most people think that their relationship is wrong. At the time the play was written, 1604, even the Queen of England was racist, so there must have been a strong hatred of blacks around that time. Donald Hall asserts that â€Å" Elizabethan society and theatre were more conservative. In this period, society were prosperous, expanding, energetic, adventurous and imperialistic. Elizabethan England was colourful, chaotic and relatively lawless....† (Hall, p:200). As you see, in this period, society is more chaotic and we know that all notions about racism since today rooted from those times. According to Elizabethans all qualities of moors are all negative. At that time, moors were supposed sexual capacity, savage jealousy, superstitiousness and belief in magic, tendency to anger, cruelty and savagery. Truly, it’s still common not only in England but also all around the world. I believe that, by discovering America, slavery developed and in the end, it did not finished but decreased by Martin Luther King’s effort in 70’s. But still today, racist people feel same things towards to black people. That is to say, blackness in Elizabethan Engla...

Aesthetics- Philosophy of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aesthetics- Philosophy of Art - Essay Example In aesthetics you have to see for yourself precisely because what you have to "see" is not a property: your knowledge that an aesthetic feature is "in" the object is given by the same criteria that show that you "see" it. To see the sadness in the music and to know that the music is sad are one and the same thing. To agree in the judgment that the music is sad is not to agree in a belief, but in something more like a response or an experience" (Eldridge 145: 2003).It has long been recognized that human beings find a variety of visual and auditory appearances to be extremely fascinating. Certain sunsets, flowers, birdsongs, and beautiful bodies, among natural things, and certain pots, carvings, vocalizations, and marked surfaces, among humanly made things, seem to engage eye or ear simultaneously with thoughtful mind. In experiencing such things, we feel we want the experience to continue for "its own sake, " at least for some further time. The Greek uses a phrase to kalon which means the fine, the good, or the beautiful, to describe many sorts of things that are attractive to mind and eye or ear, without sharply distinguishing natural beauty from artistic merit (or moral goodness). "In the Symposium, Socrates reports that the priestess Diotima once instructed him in how a lover who goes about this matter correctly must begin in his youth to devote himself to beautiful bodies, first loving one body, then many (as he comes to understand that they are alike in beauty), next beautiful minds, beautiful laws and customs, beautiful ideas and theories, until finally he will come to love the Beautiful itself, absolute, pure, unmixed, not polluted by human flesh or colors or any other great nonsense of mortality." (Eldridge 47: 2003) In pleasing us, natural and artistic beauty, according to Kant, serve no outer purpose. The experience of beauty does not yield knowledge, and it does not of itself enable the satisfaction of desires for material goods. Yet it is not nonetheless merely agreeable or pleasant; instead, the experience of beauty matters. Beauty in nature makes us feel as though the natural world were congenial to our purposes and projects. In feeling the beautiful natural object to be "as it were" intelligible or made for us to apprehend it, we further feel that nature as a whole, which seems to "shine forth" in beauty, is favorable to our cognitive and practical interests as subjects. To experience a beautiful sunset, according to Kant, is to feel (though not to know theoretically) that nature makes sense. Kant's terminology may be difficult, the experience he is describing is a familiar one. Beautiful objects of nature or art engage our attention. We love them by paying active, cognitive attention to t hem, even if we do not get anything from them or even if it brings out the inner most emotions from us. The above discussion brings us to compare art with emotions, the reason why identifications with artists and imaginative participation in experiences and emotions are available to us is that works of art are made things, products or instances of human action. To understand an action, including actions of artistic making, is to understand its suitable motivation by reasons in contexts. Actions of artistic making, including the making of both narrative art and non-narrative art, are concerned with the shaping of materials to hold attention on a presented subject matter. (In abstract work, the presented subject matters are often centrally the perception and gestural action of the artist and the possibility of the audience's imaginative participation in that perception and gestural action.) Whatever emotions figure in attention to this subject matter are emotions that members of the audience are solicited to experience and explore, as they participate in the attention that is embodied in the work. The understanding of art is much related to exploring, to understand art critically is to explore it imaginatively, guided by a range of relevant

Critically assess how interprofessional collaboration is the key to Essay

Critically assess how interprofessional collaboration is the key to delivering modern health and social care services - Essay Example The complexity of human health which professionals face suggests the need for a reconstruction of how they conceptualize and create knowledge. Further, such knowledge can be deepened through a dialectical process of people reflecting and acting with others to both change and understand it (Gaventa & Cornwall, 2001). In this sense, interdisciplinary structure may allow health professionals to conduct studies and collaboration between them in a research process that would increase the quality of research outcomes. It has been argued that the strength of the inter-professional collaborative research group lies in the framework where contributions from a wide range of professional perspectives are incorporated into the research process (Bond & Thompson, 1996; Ryan & Hassel, 2001). Larson (2003) identified that successful collaborations would comprise a number of multi-professional teams. Similarly, Ryan and Hassell (2001) identified collaboration as the main characteristic of inter-profe ssional research and explained that collaboration across disciplines leads to the identification of health problems through the contribution of respective knowledge and experience from different professionals in a research process with open channels of communication and the absence of professional hierarchies. Drinka and Clark (2000) argued that professional differences between group members have been identified as the basic problem in regards to communication which is one of the most important elements of a successful inter-professional collaboration in research (Gelling & Chatfield, 2001). Poor inter-professional communication, including the system where information is misheard, misread and misunderstood, would break down the working relationship between professionals in groups and affect how professionals work collaboratively in the decision-making and knowledge-producing process. On the other hand, due to professional differences and distincts values and knowledge that each prof essional holds, every member knows less about each other and so it is easy to see the problem of unequal effort in their working relationship and the difficulties in building up a relationship of trust without mutual respect. The lack of trust would limit the sharing of responsibility or workload between professionals which seems inevitable and closely related to the entire research process. Group dynamics can also be a challenge and would distort collective discourse that may generate invalid understanding. As Bray et al. (2000) argued, defensive routines and groupthink would challenge the critical reflection process within the group and the ability to assess the situation from various experience and knowledge bases and build more wide-ranging and objective

Just answer a question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer a question - Essay Example Secondly, secondary pollutants that from the combination of several gases in the atmosphere to form compounds. To test this hypothesis, researchers need to delve into the history and collect information with industrialization as the focus. Undeniably, industrialization has contributed to air pollution through various ways. This research is not observatory in nature but involves the researcher’s opinion supported by other researchers who have participated in the same research before. For instance, compared to the past decade, statistics reveal a rise in growth in industrialization (â€Å"World resources Institute,† n.d). Therefore, a researcher has to check all developments that go with increased industrialization. There is increased use of energy to process and increased use of automobiles to carry processed products. This means that researchers have to evaluate the type of energy used by industries and their effects on air. Additionally, the researcher will evaluate the effects automobiles have in the atmosphere. For example, automobile in America life and society offers infor mation on the effects automobiles have to the environment in the history of America. Finally, the researcher will make a conclusion based on the management of industrial emissions to support

The Media’s Framing of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Media’s Framing of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay It’s funny, but even the Wikipedia (let’s generously call it the â€Å"encyclopedia† of today), notes that their Israeli-Palestinian conflict article might contain a little something known as â€Å"recentism,† which, to roughly paraphrase Wikipedia, can be defined as the tendency to edit or inflate a current issue without thought to a broader historical perspective, simply because the issue or event happens to be blasting through homes and children alike and the media is playing the same gory scene over and over while vendors pump up their magazine sales by shoving suffering, impoverished, and war-torn families down unwitting consumer’s throats. But that’s the money maker. The mass media may hide things and they may create fallacies like â€Å"Wag the Dog† from time to time, but the media is essentially about money. If, for example, the President seems to want a more homey-let’s-not-worry-about-things kind of attitude, then the media will portray that attitude because, and this is the kicker, even though they are protected by the First Amendment and the whole â€Å"freedom of speech† thing, they have to write the perspective that sells. Now, recentism may sell when the war was happening five years ago, but as the conflicts rage on, the public agenda isn’t to promote war—at all. If the President was sitting in his nice big white house and promoting the war while American soldiers pile up by the body bag, then the President isn’t doing very good at his job. Very soon, if all people saw was mass conflict, death, and horrible destruction, someone would have a gun to the white house to get a better leader on that golden throne. However, if a â€Å"little† battle leaks out from time to time, and the media as a whole is on the story with the same, homogenous mono-headlines, then the public will see that there was an uprising, yes. But, if that uprising isn’t mentioned again, or it blows away like so many things after a few weeks of nothing new being reported, the public will be lulled into thinking that everything is okay and that it was just a simple little uprising. No big deal. Sure some American soldiers were sent home with flags on their caskets, but they died heroes. Purple hearts, parades, and fancy color-guard funerals. That’s what the people see. Even though the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been raging for, what ladies and gentlemen, more than fifty (more like hundreds) years, is the American public even aware that the peoples in those warring nations have been at war, bombs in the streets, children murdered, every day for as long as most of this generation has been alive? Nope. For the most part, the American public is kept in the dark. So dark that the current issue in Iraq (when was the last time the â€Å"war on terror† actually scared the public?) has even lost its juice. Terror is just a word now. Not scary, not vengeful. Just another word that has been so drilled into the minds of the public that â€Å"raising the terror alert† does no more for people than if the pollen count went into the red zone. People are so in the dark that when nine soldiers died just days ago (Londono) that most people didn’t even raise an eyebrow, because what’s the big deal with losing nine measly soldiers if the country is over on foreign land playing the philanthropic hand with democracy? Big numbers are the only things that count. Nine soldiers dead in what seems like six years (since 9/11) is nearly negligible. This is tangenting now, strictly for reasons of importance, but only Alertnet. com tallies up the body count at 3,170 US soldiers dead since the war began in the same article, (well, in the middle third of the story but at least it was mentioned) as the report on the nine dead soldiers. Now that’s a number worth hearing. But how many news reports call that fairly alarmingly number up? Not many. Actually, most striking was the amount of anti-war sites that call up the numbers, some counting American casualties as high as 23,000 (Griffis) since the war officially began in 2003. Now that number would catch some eyebrows. Freak people out, get them burning bras for peace, not war. But the President doesn’t want that. The government certainly doesn’t want that. And perhaps this is why the media keeps the death stories on the hush-hush. Frame it in a way that makes the country feel safer as a whole. Only a few soldiers are killed at a time, so the tally seems insignificant in the broader scheme of things. And thus the public agenda is to get Americans back to their daily lives, where war doesn’t exist and heiresses get caught too often without their underwear as the paparazzi catch them at some new celebrity’s bar. But that’s just a recent example of how the media skews things to keep the public agenda on the right track, lest things derail. And by golly it was a tangent of importance because if a war so dear to the hearts of Americans is lost in the media hoopla, how does a war like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is a vastly different scale, even stand a chance at global comprehension? Well, it doesn’t. And, it is perhaps the most notable war of any ever fought since times too ancient to remember. Data Collection. The data collected for this report has been a combination of news reports and Wikipedia articles. The news reports were chosen because they are exactly what the public is able to view on a daily basis and are taken with complete seriousness to report the truth of the news (sounded like a joke, didn’t it? ). As a whole, the news reports can be compared and contrasted for similar headlines, feature points, pictures, and opinionated slants. For the most part, articles have been used from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive, and it is interesting to note that the most current evening news report is dated 12/06/2006. This could be an error on Vanderbilt’s part; perhaps they haven’t updated their news archive since then, but it is much more likely that Vanderbilt has the most current news out there, which actually serves as a perfect example of how the media has prioritized this conflict in the news. No news, for Americans, can be construed as good news, even if the conflict rages on. Wikipedia articles were also reviewed, though not for the charts in the analysis of the data collection, because the Wikipedia has undeniably become something akin to the Encyclopedia Britannica of earlier years. While the articles are not purely scholarly or always written by PHD subject enthusiasts, the articles are highly peer-monitored and perhaps more free in what they are able to speak out about than a regular news article with advertisers to please and bosses with the weight of the powers that be on their shoulders. Finally, a totally independent site, dubbed â€Å"Angel for Israel,† has been reviewed because it has a catalogue of news articles chosen from recent years in an attempt to showcase the very issue of media framing and public agenda. The site even goes deeper to debunk the myths, expose the media propaganda, and review common misconceptions about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. While not everything on this site can be truly confirmed as to authoritative authenticity, the news articles are complete, unedited and link back to their original news source. So, a wide cross section has been chosen for data collection so that a slant of some sort can be gathered, tethered, and plumped for show. And, for editorial purposes, the full headlines and dates used for the purposes of the charts in the Analysis are presented as raw data in the Appendix. Analysis. It’s always fun to chart and show, so the data collected has been put through the supercomputer to explain how the media portrays highly sensitive (i. e. death, war, terror) news as a homogenous chunk of untitillating information to the uninformed and unconcerned public. So let’s delve. First, it’s easy to simply compare and contrast news headlines for homogenous information to depict and conclusively prove framing of the public agenda by the media. Looking at the Angel for Israel 2005 News Archive, there are 21 news articles with similar headlines. The first ten headlines for comparison are: Female Suicide Bomber Explodes at Erez Crossing, Killing Four Israelis Hamas Woman Bomber Kills Israelis Suicide Attack on Jerusalem Bus Hamas Threatens Soldier Kidnaps Suicide Bomber Kills 10 Israelis. Prisoners Freed as Bomb Kills 10 in Israel Suicide Bomber Hits Jerusalem Bus Suicide Bomber Kills 8 in Jerusalem Terrorists Infiltrate Erez Industrial Area, Killing Israeli Soldier Couple Killed in their Car Between Hebron and Beersheba, Terrorism Suspected Now, looking at the headlines, it can be said that the reports are straight and as to the point as they could be when it came down to writing the headline for the news. The problem is that the headlines are so similar that it can have a deadening effect on the public agenda. Seeing a word over and over, the word no longer has the same meaning that it did the first time it was seen. For example, the word â€Å"suicide† is used five times out of ten headlines, all having taken place between a month or so period. The word â€Å"kills† (and forms of it like â€Å"killing†) is used in the same news headlines seven times out of ten. If these were the only headlines, which they might very well be, from this period in January and February 2004, the chance is that the public will read one and miss the others because though they all discuss different events, they read as nearly the same. So, nine stories would be missed simply because of a redundancy factor that happens, for reasons probably planned and perfectly executed. That same public then believes that the violence isn’t so wide-spread because of the same framing phenomena that occurs when no news is reported. If the headlines read a bit differently then these ten conflicts and acts of terror could be read and understood and ten separate issues of violence and horror. But, as they are, they lose their potential for a reader to feel any sort of fear because of their homogenous nature. Moreover, the repetitive nature of the headlines does more than just numb a reader to their very existence and meaning, reading or hearing the same word over and over loses much more than that. Words, by their very reality, have inherent meanings to viewers in regards to reaction and understanding. For example, when the President first coined the phrase â€Å"war on terror,† the American public had the appropriate reaction and felt the same need for vengeance and duty as the words permit. Now, six years later, hearing the â€Å"war on terror† has a completely opposite effect on the public. It has become a common, annoying phrase even, because it has lost all meaning both symbolically and literally. Vengeance has not been achieved, no retribution for the â€Å"war on terror† has been sought. And symbolically, no ballads have been created to promote any sort of American pride or glory. Basically, the only thing come of this phrase is that it is said so often it means nothing. And now, any time the public reads the words â€Å"war on terror† they unconsciously close their eyes or ears to any further understanding because it means nothing anymore. Clever, the mass media, for using the â€Å"war on terror† in such a manner that it becomes nothing more important than the rising gas prices during the hot summer months. Moreover, one thing that stands out right away is the use of certain words that prevail in most all if the articles. So, let’s take a deeper look at the most prevalent words and how often they are used overall. Out of those same ten headlines, the word â€Å"kills† and â€Å"suicide† are the most influential and hold the most power over a reader, but a few other words are used often enough to draw attention for analysis. These are the words: Kills (killing, killed) –used 7 times Suicide –used 5 times Explodes –used 1 time Attack –used 1 time Threatens –used 1 time Kidnaps –used 1 time Freed –used 1 time Hits –used 7 times Terrorists (terrorism) –used 2 times Infiltrate –used 1 time On a side note, proper website and content search engine optimization relies on the ability of a writer to get the meaning of something across while also adding in the proper words to also get the attention, subliminally, of that reader or search engine. The key is that with 200 words of text, 8% of that text must be used for each main keyword. This means that at least 16 words out of 200 words must be utilized for one main keyword. For example, if an article were written on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the keyword that article was hoping to subliminally infiltrate into the reader were â€Å"suicide,† then â€Å"suicide† would have to appear 16 times in 200 words of text. The exact same formula is used in reporting and even broadcast media like advertising. Ever hear of the Energizer Bunny? Or that truly annoying â€Å"Head On† commercial promoting direct application of a lube-like substance for migraines? The reason commercials do well with the public is that even though they may lose all meaning simply from being repeated so often, repetition for products is the only thing that really sinks in enough for that public to remember what product they wanted when they get to Wal-Mart. With that said, it is easy to see why some words, the words with seemingly the most power, are used more often than others, especially in the print media. And, in an interesting phenomena known as media framing, it actually tends to have the opposite effect on readers. People don’t read the news in the same way that they view a commercial. A different part of the brain is used, and a more mechanical side of that person takes note of different things when viewing a commercial versus reading a news article, which is something having much to do with emotion. Emotion in advertising is a draw to get a listener or reader to want, no need, that product. Repetition in this case hinges on the emotion that product is able promote, to get inside the heart of the person. Because, more often than not, people buy something because they want it, not because they need it. However, emotion is generally not a thing possessed by headlines, but headlines are usually crafted with some attention getter in mind. After all, if they weren’t written for a person to be interested enough to read, then they wouldn’t get read at all. And, looking at the same ten headlines, it can almost be said that they were cleverly crafted to not get read at all, especially because of their exclusively homogenous theme running throughout. Now, to see if this theory really stands on its feet, let’s take a look at the top ten headlines from the 1997-1998 Angel for Israel News Archive. These are the ten headlines: Unilateral Measures Taken by the Palestinian Authority in Violation of Oslo Palestinian Authority’s Failure to Quell the Riots in Hebron Violates the Accord PLO’s Hiring of 150 Terrorists as Policemen is Blatant Violation of Oslo Palestinian Authority Failed to Fulfill its Commitment Under the Hebron Accord 18 Killed in Jerusalem Attack Palestinian Incitement to Violence Since Oslo A Four-Year Compendium Pronouncements by Muslim Religious Leaders Defending Suicide Attacks Palestinian Security Commitments Palestinian Anti-Semitism Prison or Hotel? PLO’s Open Door â€Å"Jail† Sheltered Jerusalem Bombers from Israel. Now, one thing in looking at these headlines is that although the conflict can be said to undeniably the same in regards to death, suicide bombers, and the level of terrorism, these articles have very little to do with reporting that issue. Instead, they promote the Palestinian government and its ability to â€Å"quell† the violence and attacks. And, this time when a bit of violence is mentioned, it stands out enough that people can read it, then read the next news about that violence being stamped out and come to an understanding that their government is doing everything in its power to take control of the country and make things safe. Moreover, each instance of violence is discussed and â€Å"defended† or â€Å"sheltered. † While these are probably the most insane and contradictory headlines of the year, they actually show a bit about the society of the time and what the public agenda was. Cleary, this was a time of being unable to admit that terrorism was a real thing, a real threat to communities even though they had been fighting a war for some hundred years. The same headlines were probably used when the United States first saw terrorist attacks, before the events of 9/11. Terrorism wasn’t even a word, or a word often used in the common vernacular, before the real attacks began, because the media didn’t want the readership to feel threaten. This way, by keeping such terms on the down low, or by making them look like flukes, easily put down by the government, the media could control the public agenda and make them believe that such things were easily enough thwarted that there was no need to worry. In an effort for fairness and uniformity, these same ten headlines will now be looked over for words of repetition. These are the main words: Authority –used 3 times Violation –used 2 times Quell –used 1 time. Commitments –used 2 times Killed –used 1 time Terror –used 1 time Attack –used 2 times Violence –used 1 time Suicide –used 1 time Defending –used 1 time Sheltered –used 1 time From these keywords, it is easy to conclude that the public agenda was much different for the mass media than it was in 2004. These years (1997-1998) were much more about promoting the government and putting down the terrorism enough that it didn’t even seem to exist. And in instances where they could do nothing but report it, the same headlines â€Å"quell† it or â€Å"defend† the terrorism to make the public believe that the situation is much different than it is. But that’s the purpose of framing in the media. And, from these examples, they have their job down. Summary and Conclusion. Well, the data doesn’t lie. Whoever controls the media (and someone does, be sure of that) controls the public agenda and what is dolled out as information as well as the why, when, and how of things. The simple fact is this: the news is not reliable. For the real numbers, perhaps only the fan sites tell the truth of things because freedom of speech still exists on the internet, if no where else. Now, not all sites and sources online are to be trusted and blah, blah, blah, but is the published report or the prime time special with Barbara Walters to be trusted either? Who can be trusted when it comes to the cold, hard, nitty-gritty truth? Well, the one thing that the American public can trust is themselves (for those willing to listen, at least). Freedom of speech was granted for the media to tell the tales they wanted to tell when the aristocracy got a little grabby, but times have changed and so has the media. Now, the only real media is the media and press that makes the most money. Without money, even small town newspapers and stations fail, and they might be the only source of news for miles around. One would think that readership would boost things a bit, but the real money is handed out by advertisers who want certain things printed and certain things revealed as deemed fit by the big guys in charge of the nation. And those big guys only share information as framed specifically for the public agenda. It’s their job. The sad truth is that the dog is wagging its tail here, vigorously, but the American public doesn’t even know what that means. Appendix. From the 1997-1998 Angel for Israel News Archive: 1997-1998 Unilateral Measures Taken By the Palestinian Authority In Violation of Oslo Provided by the Government Press Office 1997 Palestinian Authoritys Failure To Quell The Riots in Hebron Violates The Accord Provided by the Government Press Office PLOS Hiring of 150 Terrorists as Policemen Is Blatant Violation of Oslo July 1, 1997 Palestinian Authority Failed To Fulfill Its Commitments Under the Hebron Accord Provided by the Government Press Office July 1997 18 Killed In Jerusalem Terror Attack JERUSALEM (July 30) Two explosions blasted through Jerusalems busy Mahane Yehuda fruit and vegetable marketplace at 1. 15 pm this afternoon at the height of the shopping day. Initial police reports placed the death toll at 18 and over 100 injured. Jerusalem Post July 30, 1997 Palestinian Incitement To Violence Since Oslo A Four-Year Compendium Provided by the Government Press Office August 1997 Pronouncements By Moslem Religious Leaders Defending Suicide Attacks Compiled by the Israel Foreign Ministry September 1997 Palestinian Security Commitments The report was released by the Government Press Office September 9, 1997 Palestinian Anti-Semitism by Nadav Haetzni, Maariv Weekend Supplement, p. 21 September 12, 1997. Prison Or Hotel? PLOs Open-Door Jail Sheltered Jerusalem Bombers From Israel September 24, 1997 From the 2004 Angel for Israel News Archive: 2004 Female Suicide Bomber Explodes At Erez Crossing, Killing Four Israelis Israel Insider 14 Jan 2004 Hamas Woman Bomber Kills Israelis BBC News 14 Jan 2004 Suicide Attack On Jerusalem Bus BBC News 29 Jan 2004 Hamas Threatens Soldier Kidnaps BBC News 30 Jan 2004 Suicide Bomber Kills 10 Israelis By Nancy Updike, Boston Globe 30 Jan 2004 Prisoners Freed As Bomb Kills 10 In Israel By Chris McGreal, Guardian Unlimited 30 Jan 2004 Suicide Bomber Hits Jerusalem Bus BBC News. 22 Feb 2004 Suicide Bomber Kills 8 In Jerusalem Washington Post 23 Feb 2004 Terrorists Infiltrate Erez Industrial Area, Killing Israeli Soldier By Ellis Shuman, Israel Insider 26 Feb 2004 Couple Killed In Their Car Between Hebron and Beersheba, Terrorism Suspected Israel Insider 27 Feb 2004. Works Consulted. Angel For Israel. Articles from â€Å"Selected News Articles 2004† and â€Å"Selected News Articles 1997-1998. http://www. angelfire. com/mi4/angelforisrael/israel/news. html Londono, Ernesto and Sudarsan Raghavan. â€Å"118 Shiite Pilgrims Killed in Iraq Attacks: Violence Comes Days After 9 GI’s Died in Blasts. † March 7, 2001. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030600181. html Villelabeitia, Ibon. â€Å"Nine US Soldiers Killed North of Baghdad. † March 6, 2007. http://www. alertnet. org/thenews/newsdesk/L06363337. htm Griffis, Margaret, Ed. â€Å"Casualties in Iraq: The Human Cost of Occupation. † March 14, 2007. http://antiwar. com/casualties/ Wikipedia. com. â€Å"Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. † March 13, 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Israeli-Palestinian_conflict —. â€Å"Wikipedia: Recentism. † March 13, 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism.