Just answer a question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer a question - Essay Example Secondly, secondary pollutants that from the combination of several gases in the atmosphere to form compounds. To test this hypothesis, researchers need to delve into the history and collect information with industrialization as the focus. Undeniably, industrialization has contributed to air pollution through various ways. This research is not observatory in nature but involves the researcher’s opinion supported by other researchers who have participated in the same research before. For instance, compared to the past decade, statistics reveal a rise in growth in industrialization (â€Å"World resources Institute,† n.d). Therefore, a researcher has to check all developments that go with increased industrialization. There is increased use of energy to process and increased use of automobiles to carry processed products. This means that researchers have to evaluate the type of energy used by industries and their effects on air. Additionally, the researcher will evaluate the effects automobiles have in the atmosphere. For example, automobile in America life and society offers infor mation on the effects automobiles have to the environment in the history of America. Finally, the researcher will make a conclusion based on the management of industrial emissions to support

The Media’s Framing of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Media’s Framing of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay It’s funny, but even the Wikipedia (let’s generously call it the â€Å"encyclopedia† of today), notes that their Israeli-Palestinian conflict article might contain a little something known as â€Å"recentism,† which, to roughly paraphrase Wikipedia, can be defined as the tendency to edit or inflate a current issue without thought to a broader historical perspective, simply because the issue or event happens to be blasting through homes and children alike and the media is playing the same gory scene over and over while vendors pump up their magazine sales by shoving suffering, impoverished, and war-torn families down unwitting consumer’s throats. But that’s the money maker. The mass media may hide things and they may create fallacies like â€Å"Wag the Dog† from time to time, but the media is essentially about money. If, for example, the President seems to want a more homey-let’s-not-worry-about-things kind of attitude, then the media will portray that attitude because, and this is the kicker, even though they are protected by the First Amendment and the whole â€Å"freedom of speech† thing, they have to write the perspective that sells. Now, recentism may sell when the war was happening five years ago, but as the conflicts rage on, the public agenda isn’t to promote war—at all. If the President was sitting in his nice big white house and promoting the war while American soldiers pile up by the body bag, then the President isn’t doing very good at his job. Very soon, if all people saw was mass conflict, death, and horrible destruction, someone would have a gun to the white house to get a better leader on that golden throne. However, if a â€Å"little† battle leaks out from time to time, and the media as a whole is on the story with the same, homogenous mono-headlines, then the public will see that there was an uprising, yes. But, if that uprising isn’t mentioned again, or it blows away like so many things after a few weeks of nothing new being reported, the public will be lulled into thinking that everything is okay and that it was just a simple little uprising. No big deal. Sure some American soldiers were sent home with flags on their caskets, but they died heroes. Purple hearts, parades, and fancy color-guard funerals. That’s what the people see. Even though the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been raging for, what ladies and gentlemen, more than fifty (more like hundreds) years, is the American public even aware that the peoples in those warring nations have been at war, bombs in the streets, children murdered, every day for as long as most of this generation has been alive? Nope. For the most part, the American public is kept in the dark. So dark that the current issue in Iraq (when was the last time the â€Å"war on terror† actually scared the public?) has even lost its juice. Terror is just a word now. Not scary, not vengeful. Just another word that has been so drilled into the minds of the public that â€Å"raising the terror alert† does no more for people than if the pollen count went into the red zone. People are so in the dark that when nine soldiers died just days ago (Londono) that most people didn’t even raise an eyebrow, because what’s the big deal with losing nine measly soldiers if the country is over on foreign land playing the philanthropic hand with democracy? Big numbers are the only things that count. Nine soldiers dead in what seems like six years (since 9/11) is nearly negligible. This is tangenting now, strictly for reasons of importance, but only Alertnet. com tallies up the body count at 3,170 US soldiers dead since the war began in the same article, (well, in the middle third of the story but at least it was mentioned) as the report on the nine dead soldiers. Now that’s a number worth hearing. But how many news reports call that fairly alarmingly number up? Not many. Actually, most striking was the amount of anti-war sites that call up the numbers, some counting American casualties as high as 23,000 (Griffis) since the war officially began in 2003. Now that number would catch some eyebrows. Freak people out, get them burning bras for peace, not war. But the President doesn’t want that. The government certainly doesn’t want that. And perhaps this is why the media keeps the death stories on the hush-hush. Frame it in a way that makes the country feel safer as a whole. Only a few soldiers are killed at a time, so the tally seems insignificant in the broader scheme of things. And thus the public agenda is to get Americans back to their daily lives, where war doesn’t exist and heiresses get caught too often without their underwear as the paparazzi catch them at some new celebrity’s bar. But that’s just a recent example of how the media skews things to keep the public agenda on the right track, lest things derail. And by golly it was a tangent of importance because if a war so dear to the hearts of Americans is lost in the media hoopla, how does a war like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is a vastly different scale, even stand a chance at global comprehension? Well, it doesn’t. And, it is perhaps the most notable war of any ever fought since times too ancient to remember. Data Collection. The data collected for this report has been a combination of news reports and Wikipedia articles. The news reports were chosen because they are exactly what the public is able to view on a daily basis and are taken with complete seriousness to report the truth of the news (sounded like a joke, didn’t it? ). As a whole, the news reports can be compared and contrasted for similar headlines, feature points, pictures, and opinionated slants. For the most part, articles have been used from the Vanderbilt Television News Archive, and it is interesting to note that the most current evening news report is dated 12/06/2006. This could be an error on Vanderbilt’s part; perhaps they haven’t updated their news archive since then, but it is much more likely that Vanderbilt has the most current news out there, which actually serves as a perfect example of how the media has prioritized this conflict in the news. No news, for Americans, can be construed as good news, even if the conflict rages on. Wikipedia articles were also reviewed, though not for the charts in the analysis of the data collection, because the Wikipedia has undeniably become something akin to the Encyclopedia Britannica of earlier years. While the articles are not purely scholarly or always written by PHD subject enthusiasts, the articles are highly peer-monitored and perhaps more free in what they are able to speak out about than a regular news article with advertisers to please and bosses with the weight of the powers that be on their shoulders. Finally, a totally independent site, dubbed â€Å"Angel for Israel,† has been reviewed because it has a catalogue of news articles chosen from recent years in an attempt to showcase the very issue of media framing and public agenda. The site even goes deeper to debunk the myths, expose the media propaganda, and review common misconceptions about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. While not everything on this site can be truly confirmed as to authoritative authenticity, the news articles are complete, unedited and link back to their original news source. So, a wide cross section has been chosen for data collection so that a slant of some sort can be gathered, tethered, and plumped for show. And, for editorial purposes, the full headlines and dates used for the purposes of the charts in the Analysis are presented as raw data in the Appendix. Analysis. It’s always fun to chart and show, so the data collected has been put through the supercomputer to explain how the media portrays highly sensitive (i. e. death, war, terror) news as a homogenous chunk of untitillating information to the uninformed and unconcerned public. So let’s delve. First, it’s easy to simply compare and contrast news headlines for homogenous information to depict and conclusively prove framing of the public agenda by the media. Looking at the Angel for Israel 2005 News Archive, there are 21 news articles with similar headlines. The first ten headlines for comparison are: Female Suicide Bomber Explodes at Erez Crossing, Killing Four Israelis Hamas Woman Bomber Kills Israelis Suicide Attack on Jerusalem Bus Hamas Threatens Soldier Kidnaps Suicide Bomber Kills 10 Israelis. Prisoners Freed as Bomb Kills 10 in Israel Suicide Bomber Hits Jerusalem Bus Suicide Bomber Kills 8 in Jerusalem Terrorists Infiltrate Erez Industrial Area, Killing Israeli Soldier Couple Killed in their Car Between Hebron and Beersheba, Terrorism Suspected Now, looking at the headlines, it can be said that the reports are straight and as to the point as they could be when it came down to writing the headline for the news. The problem is that the headlines are so similar that it can have a deadening effect on the public agenda. Seeing a word over and over, the word no longer has the same meaning that it did the first time it was seen. For example, the word â€Å"suicide† is used five times out of ten headlines, all having taken place between a month or so period. The word â€Å"kills† (and forms of it like â€Å"killing†) is used in the same news headlines seven times out of ten. If these were the only headlines, which they might very well be, from this period in January and February 2004, the chance is that the public will read one and miss the others because though they all discuss different events, they read as nearly the same. So, nine stories would be missed simply because of a redundancy factor that happens, for reasons probably planned and perfectly executed. That same public then believes that the violence isn’t so wide-spread because of the same framing phenomena that occurs when no news is reported. If the headlines read a bit differently then these ten conflicts and acts of terror could be read and understood and ten separate issues of violence and horror. But, as they are, they lose their potential for a reader to feel any sort of fear because of their homogenous nature. Moreover, the repetitive nature of the headlines does more than just numb a reader to their very existence and meaning, reading or hearing the same word over and over loses much more than that. Words, by their very reality, have inherent meanings to viewers in regards to reaction and understanding. For example, when the President first coined the phrase â€Å"war on terror,† the American public had the appropriate reaction and felt the same need for vengeance and duty as the words permit. Now, six years later, hearing the â€Å"war on terror† has a completely opposite effect on the public. It has become a common, annoying phrase even, because it has lost all meaning both symbolically and literally. Vengeance has not been achieved, no retribution for the â€Å"war on terror† has been sought. And symbolically, no ballads have been created to promote any sort of American pride or glory. Basically, the only thing come of this phrase is that it is said so often it means nothing. And now, any time the public reads the words â€Å"war on terror† they unconsciously close their eyes or ears to any further understanding because it means nothing anymore. Clever, the mass media, for using the â€Å"war on terror† in such a manner that it becomes nothing more important than the rising gas prices during the hot summer months. Moreover, one thing that stands out right away is the use of certain words that prevail in most all if the articles. So, let’s take a deeper look at the most prevalent words and how often they are used overall. Out of those same ten headlines, the word â€Å"kills† and â€Å"suicide† are the most influential and hold the most power over a reader, but a few other words are used often enough to draw attention for analysis. These are the words: Kills (killing, killed) –used 7 times Suicide –used 5 times Explodes –used 1 time Attack –used 1 time Threatens –used 1 time Kidnaps –used 1 time Freed –used 1 time Hits –used 7 times Terrorists (terrorism) –used 2 times Infiltrate –used 1 time On a side note, proper website and content search engine optimization relies on the ability of a writer to get the meaning of something across while also adding in the proper words to also get the attention, subliminally, of that reader or search engine. The key is that with 200 words of text, 8% of that text must be used for each main keyword. This means that at least 16 words out of 200 words must be utilized for one main keyword. For example, if an article were written on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the keyword that article was hoping to subliminally infiltrate into the reader were â€Å"suicide,† then â€Å"suicide† would have to appear 16 times in 200 words of text. The exact same formula is used in reporting and even broadcast media like advertising. Ever hear of the Energizer Bunny? Or that truly annoying â€Å"Head On† commercial promoting direct application of a lube-like substance for migraines? The reason commercials do well with the public is that even though they may lose all meaning simply from being repeated so often, repetition for products is the only thing that really sinks in enough for that public to remember what product they wanted when they get to Wal-Mart. With that said, it is easy to see why some words, the words with seemingly the most power, are used more often than others, especially in the print media. And, in an interesting phenomena known as media framing, it actually tends to have the opposite effect on readers. People don’t read the news in the same way that they view a commercial. A different part of the brain is used, and a more mechanical side of that person takes note of different things when viewing a commercial versus reading a news article, which is something having much to do with emotion. Emotion in advertising is a draw to get a listener or reader to want, no need, that product. Repetition in this case hinges on the emotion that product is able promote, to get inside the heart of the person. Because, more often than not, people buy something because they want it, not because they need it. However, emotion is generally not a thing possessed by headlines, but headlines are usually crafted with some attention getter in mind. After all, if they weren’t written for a person to be interested enough to read, then they wouldn’t get read at all. And, looking at the same ten headlines, it can almost be said that they were cleverly crafted to not get read at all, especially because of their exclusively homogenous theme running throughout. Now, to see if this theory really stands on its feet, let’s take a look at the top ten headlines from the 1997-1998 Angel for Israel News Archive. These are the ten headlines: Unilateral Measures Taken by the Palestinian Authority in Violation of Oslo Palestinian Authority’s Failure to Quell the Riots in Hebron Violates the Accord PLO’s Hiring of 150 Terrorists as Policemen is Blatant Violation of Oslo Palestinian Authority Failed to Fulfill its Commitment Under the Hebron Accord 18 Killed in Jerusalem Attack Palestinian Incitement to Violence Since Oslo A Four-Year Compendium Pronouncements by Muslim Religious Leaders Defending Suicide Attacks Palestinian Security Commitments Palestinian Anti-Semitism Prison or Hotel? PLO’s Open Door â€Å"Jail† Sheltered Jerusalem Bombers from Israel. Now, one thing in looking at these headlines is that although the conflict can be said to undeniably the same in regards to death, suicide bombers, and the level of terrorism, these articles have very little to do with reporting that issue. Instead, they promote the Palestinian government and its ability to â€Å"quell† the violence and attacks. And, this time when a bit of violence is mentioned, it stands out enough that people can read it, then read the next news about that violence being stamped out and come to an understanding that their government is doing everything in its power to take control of the country and make things safe. Moreover, each instance of violence is discussed and â€Å"defended† or â€Å"sheltered. † While these are probably the most insane and contradictory headlines of the year, they actually show a bit about the society of the time and what the public agenda was. Cleary, this was a time of being unable to admit that terrorism was a real thing, a real threat to communities even though they had been fighting a war for some hundred years. The same headlines were probably used when the United States first saw terrorist attacks, before the events of 9/11. Terrorism wasn’t even a word, or a word often used in the common vernacular, before the real attacks began, because the media didn’t want the readership to feel threaten. This way, by keeping such terms on the down low, or by making them look like flukes, easily put down by the government, the media could control the public agenda and make them believe that such things were easily enough thwarted that there was no need to worry. In an effort for fairness and uniformity, these same ten headlines will now be looked over for words of repetition. These are the main words: Authority –used 3 times Violation –used 2 times Quell –used 1 time. Commitments –used 2 times Killed –used 1 time Terror –used 1 time Attack –used 2 times Violence –used 1 time Suicide –used 1 time Defending –used 1 time Sheltered –used 1 time From these keywords, it is easy to conclude that the public agenda was much different for the mass media than it was in 2004. These years (1997-1998) were much more about promoting the government and putting down the terrorism enough that it didn’t even seem to exist. And in instances where they could do nothing but report it, the same headlines â€Å"quell† it or â€Å"defend† the terrorism to make the public believe that the situation is much different than it is. But that’s the purpose of framing in the media. And, from these examples, they have their job down. Summary and Conclusion. Well, the data doesn’t lie. Whoever controls the media (and someone does, be sure of that) controls the public agenda and what is dolled out as information as well as the why, when, and how of things. The simple fact is this: the news is not reliable. For the real numbers, perhaps only the fan sites tell the truth of things because freedom of speech still exists on the internet, if no where else. Now, not all sites and sources online are to be trusted and blah, blah, blah, but is the published report or the prime time special with Barbara Walters to be trusted either? Who can be trusted when it comes to the cold, hard, nitty-gritty truth? Well, the one thing that the American public can trust is themselves (for those willing to listen, at least). Freedom of speech was granted for the media to tell the tales they wanted to tell when the aristocracy got a little grabby, but times have changed and so has the media. Now, the only real media is the media and press that makes the most money. Without money, even small town newspapers and stations fail, and they might be the only source of news for miles around. One would think that readership would boost things a bit, but the real money is handed out by advertisers who want certain things printed and certain things revealed as deemed fit by the big guys in charge of the nation. And those big guys only share information as framed specifically for the public agenda. It’s their job. The sad truth is that the dog is wagging its tail here, vigorously, but the American public doesn’t even know what that means. Appendix. From the 1997-1998 Angel for Israel News Archive: 1997-1998 Unilateral Measures Taken By the Palestinian Authority In Violation of Oslo Provided by the Government Press Office 1997 Palestinian Authoritys Failure To Quell The Riots in Hebron Violates The Accord Provided by the Government Press Office PLOS Hiring of 150 Terrorists as Policemen Is Blatant Violation of Oslo July 1, 1997 Palestinian Authority Failed To Fulfill Its Commitments Under the Hebron Accord Provided by the Government Press Office July 1997 18 Killed In Jerusalem Terror Attack JERUSALEM (July 30) Two explosions blasted through Jerusalems busy Mahane Yehuda fruit and vegetable marketplace at 1. 15 pm this afternoon at the height of the shopping day. Initial police reports placed the death toll at 18 and over 100 injured. Jerusalem Post July 30, 1997 Palestinian Incitement To Violence Since Oslo A Four-Year Compendium Provided by the Government Press Office August 1997 Pronouncements By Moslem Religious Leaders Defending Suicide Attacks Compiled by the Israel Foreign Ministry September 1997 Palestinian Security Commitments The report was released by the Government Press Office September 9, 1997 Palestinian Anti-Semitism by Nadav Haetzni, Maariv Weekend Supplement, p. 21 September 12, 1997. Prison Or Hotel? PLOs Open-Door Jail Sheltered Jerusalem Bombers From Israel September 24, 1997 From the 2004 Angel for Israel News Archive: 2004 Female Suicide Bomber Explodes At Erez Crossing, Killing Four Israelis Israel Insider 14 Jan 2004 Hamas Woman Bomber Kills Israelis BBC News 14 Jan 2004 Suicide Attack On Jerusalem Bus BBC News 29 Jan 2004 Hamas Threatens Soldier Kidnaps BBC News 30 Jan 2004 Suicide Bomber Kills 10 Israelis By Nancy Updike, Boston Globe 30 Jan 2004 Prisoners Freed As Bomb Kills 10 In Israel By Chris McGreal, Guardian Unlimited 30 Jan 2004 Suicide Bomber Hits Jerusalem Bus BBC News. 22 Feb 2004 Suicide Bomber Kills 8 In Jerusalem Washington Post 23 Feb 2004 Terrorists Infiltrate Erez Industrial Area, Killing Israeli Soldier By Ellis Shuman, Israel Insider 26 Feb 2004 Couple Killed In Their Car Between Hebron and Beersheba, Terrorism Suspected Israel Insider 27 Feb 2004. Works Consulted. Angel For Israel. Articles from â€Å"Selected News Articles 2004† and â€Å"Selected News Articles 1997-1998. http://www. angelfire. com/mi4/angelforisrael/israel/news. html Londono, Ernesto and Sudarsan Raghavan. â€Å"118 Shiite Pilgrims Killed in Iraq Attacks: Violence Comes Days After 9 GI’s Died in Blasts. † March 7, 2001. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030600181. html Villelabeitia, Ibon. â€Å"Nine US Soldiers Killed North of Baghdad. † March 6, 2007. http://www. alertnet. org/thenews/newsdesk/L06363337. htm Griffis, Margaret, Ed. â€Å"Casualties in Iraq: The Human Cost of Occupation. † March 14, 2007. http://antiwar. com/casualties/ Wikipedia. com. â€Å"Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. † March 13, 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Israeli-Palestinian_conflict —. â€Å"Wikipedia: Recentism. † March 13, 2007. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wikipedia:Recentism.

Report on the Art and Architecture of the Cathedral of St. Stephen in A

1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to outline the art and architecture of the Cathedral of St. Stephen and compare it to other churches around the world. It is also designed to analyse the aspects of St. Stephen’s architecture and its attempts to capture some of the unique experiences of people in Australia. Also analysed was how a Catholic community can impact the identity of its parishioner as well as the importance of belonging to a Catholic parish. The report finally concludes by looking at different universal understandings on the meaning what is a church. 2.0 Survey 1. The word cathedral means: The seed of power 2. The Catholic Cathedral for the Archdioceses of Brisbane is called St. Stephens Cathedral 3 Who was St. Stephen? St Stephen was the first Martyr. He was stoned to death by a mob encouraged by St. Paul (King Saul) for speaking against the temple of Herod in Jerusalem and the law. He also was guilty of blasphemy against the names God and Moses. 4. The Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane is Archbishop John Bathersby 5. The times of masses at the cathedral are as follows: Sunday: 8:00 am 10:00 am Solemn Mass, 12:00 noon, 7:30 pm Monday – Friday: 8:00 am, 10:00 am, 12:30 pm, 5:10 pm Saturday: 11:30 am, 6:00 pm 6. St. Stephens Cathedral was built in 1874 7. The little chapel beside St. Stephens Cathedral is called Pugin Chapel and was built in 1848. 8. What was the original purpose of the stained glass windows in the churches? The purpose of the windows is to show significant historical events of importance. For example there are images of Jesus birth, the Crucifixion and depict images of the Saints. They are not just there for informative purposes but to ... ... on the person’s particular faith example a Jewish person would belong to a synagogue where Christians belong to a Church or Cathedral. Another misconception of the meaning of church is that it is a society which engages in the rectification of social wrongs. This is a misconception because the church is designed to enhance spiritual development and to follow the teachings of God as a parish community. The nature of churches allows people to contribute to the ceremony. Churches allow input by any member to develop the service. 6.0 Conclusion In conclusion it has been discovered that there are many varieties of art and architecture that make Australian churches unique. Also noted is that many people have different meanings for what a church is. We also saw how important it was to belong to a Catholic Parish and how important it is to work as Catholic Community. Report on the Art and Architecture of the Cathedral of St. Stephen in A 1.0 Introduction The purpose of this report is to outline the art and architecture of the Cathedral of St. Stephen and compare it to other churches around the world. It is also designed to analyse the aspects of St. Stephen’s architecture and its attempts to capture some of the unique experiences of people in Australia. Also analysed was how a Catholic community can impact the identity of its parishioner as well as the importance of belonging to a Catholic parish. The report finally concludes by looking at different universal understandings on the meaning what is a church. 2.0 Survey 1. The word cathedral means: The seed of power 2. The Catholic Cathedral for the Archdioceses of Brisbane is called St. Stephens Cathedral 3 Who was St. Stephen? St Stephen was the first Martyr. He was stoned to death by a mob encouraged by St. Paul (King Saul) for speaking against the temple of Herod in Jerusalem and the law. He also was guilty of blasphemy against the names God and Moses. 4. The Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane is Archbishop John Bathersby 5. The times of masses at the cathedral are as follows: Sunday: 8:00 am 10:00 am Solemn Mass, 12:00 noon, 7:30 pm Monday – Friday: 8:00 am, 10:00 am, 12:30 pm, 5:10 pm Saturday: 11:30 am, 6:00 pm 6. St. Stephens Cathedral was built in 1874 7. The little chapel beside St. Stephens Cathedral is called Pugin Chapel and was built in 1848. 8. What was the original purpose of the stained glass windows in the churches? The purpose of the windows is to show significant historical events of importance. For example there are images of Jesus birth, the Crucifixion and depict images of the Saints. They are not just there for informative purposes but to ... ... on the person’s particular faith example a Jewish person would belong to a synagogue where Christians belong to a Church or Cathedral. Another misconception of the meaning of church is that it is a society which engages in the rectification of social wrongs. This is a misconception because the church is designed to enhance spiritual development and to follow the teachings of God as a parish community. The nature of churches allows people to contribute to the ceremony. Churches allow input by any member to develop the service. 6.0 Conclusion In conclusion it has been discovered that there are many varieties of art and architecture that make Australian churches unique. Also noted is that many people have different meanings for what a church is. We also saw how important it was to belong to a Catholic Parish and how important it is to work as Catholic Community.

Comparison of BMW and Mercedes Benz Essay -- Compare Contrast Cars Ess

Comparison of BMW and Mercedes Benz   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most popular car of this century are the Mercedes Benz and the BMW. Many different cars in the world dont campare to at least half of what a Mercedes Benz and a BMW are. Two specific cars are the 2000 BMW M 2-door Coupe 3.2L, 2000 BMW X5 sports activity vehicle 4-door sport utility 4.4L, 2000 Mercedes-Benz CLK 430 2- door Coupe 4.3L, and the 2000 Mercedes-Benz SLK 230 Kompressor 2-door convertible 2.3L. In this report I will be tlaking about these specific types of Mercedes-Benz and BMW.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bmw X5 is a 4- door, 5 passenger sport utility available in one trim only. Th X5 is quipped with a standard 4.4-liter, V8, 282-horsepower engine that consumes 13-mpg in the city and 17-mpg on the highway. A 5-speed automatic transmission with overdrive is standard. The X5 is new for the year 2000. Sophisticated powertrain, fully equipped, good driving pleasure, roomy interior, and gives an interesting performance. It is a complex machine, unproven quality of assembly, high priced, limited initial availability. The price for the X5 is $49, 400, $44,620 for the dealer invoice, and $570 for the destination charges. Its competetor is the 2002 Cadillac Escalade 4-door sport utility 6.0L all wheel drive, the 2001 GMC Yukon XL Denali 4-door sport utility 6.0L all wheel drive, the 2001 Lincoln Navigator 4-door utility 5.4l4 wheel drve, the 2000 Toyota Land Cruiser 4-door sport utility 4.7L 4 wheel drive, the 2001 Merc...

Thomas Nagel’s: The Absurdity of Life

In this term paper, I will discuss about life, death and the absurdity of life, by showing the different methods of this term paper which are the following the synthesis, analysis, critique and the last one is the conclusion. Personally, I admit that the book of Thomas Nagel entitled â€Å"The view from nowhere† as my one reference, is so difficult to comprehend and I think, this reference or book is not fit for the first timer who takes the philosophy course. But rather, I think it is intended only for those experts’s in philosophy course, who can easily understand the chapters in the book.However, in spite of that difficulty that I have been experienced, what I did was to go beyond my best with pressing mind just to give some insights of that book and of course, so that the readers will give some intention to read this works. However, when I did this term paper, I always kept on thinking that this difficulty, is part of my training, even though it gives my mind so pai nful but I never stop to work on it, just for that difficulties. Even though, the book implies a very analytic approach.Indeed, I’m happy to say that the book teaches my mind to think beyond this world and it gives me some techniques to expand my mind and more so to acknowledge my topic which is the absurdity of life. Honestly, I haven’t finished reading the book but I think if I’m going to continue reading the book, although every chapter have a connection and has difference interpretation, it would makes my mind more complex to dissect the different insights of every chapters. I read only the last chapter of the book which focuses more about life.Because I think, it would make me interesting to discuss about life, because some people or majority are now have this kind of fear to face life and to face death. So, in this term paper, I also dedicate my work to those people who are struggling about the different phobia in life. Thus, I heard some voices that would say that the book is an interesting book. But, I deny there words and I did not affirm yet. In the sense, that it’s very hard to understand the different connections in every chapter. In the other sense, I have also this feeling to affirm on what they said, in the sense that it gives us enlightenment and wider mind.Thomas Nagel as contemporary philosopher wanted to break the vicious circle regarding many possibilities that would happen in life and even in death. Yes, possibility would positively happen in our life but as my suggestion, we will minimize the fear in life in all that we experience because we know that â€Å"The one† guides us in every steps of our journey. I. Synthesis: Life is like the â€Å"analogy of the spider†1 where directly appeared in the urinal of the men’s room who have a unique attitude of existence.It keeps on moving until it finds a comfortable and secure place to continue feeding any tiny attractive insects. So, from this anal ogy I think the spider has two standpoints here by looking at life. These two standpoints here are the characteristics in life which are synthetic and analytic. It is somehow called as the passivity of life in looking to the physical world because it seems that it keeps on moving to find the infinite satisfaction but as human being can’t satisfy. Thomas Nagel presented life as instances, while explaining the metaphysical life.However, as I could see Nagel somehow used also the anthropological explanation about life. As what I understood the book of Nagel that life is the center in the universe. It simply means that if we negate to recognize life, the universe also affected and experience negation because universe is composed of bodily life, which every living organism seems to experience existence. As Blondel said, that we should recognized our responsibility or duty to live life. It means that life would undergo a certain process to go back to the origin.In other words, it h as certain path of reflexive to think what should life to be. There is a movement in life which seems to be the prime mover in controlling the condition of the world. Thus, dissatisfaction in life is unavoidable but as human being, we keep on desiring more and more and we think that all what we desire can achieve it. As Maurice Blondel would say â€Å"never stop† continue to seek what is in life. As Blondel said â€Å"it can be less perfect but it cannot be perfect as we seek life. This means that we can achieve what should life to be but not totally.As human being, we have life and we try rendering life by moving self to attain the very meaning of life. However, we should not forget to go beyond the contradiction of freedom is infinite reality as Blondel said. We should act life according to our norm, rendering ourselves into action in sacrifices that undergo a hectic process to attain the very meaning of life. Thomas Nagel, emphasis life in general. Including the life of t he animals, and as we can see the different animals, keeps also in finding the space in this world wherein they were capable to survive whatever challenge that would give to nature.Like for example the life of a turtle that is not incapable of living in the limited water, so the turtle would be transfer near in the abundant water areas such as in fishpond, near in the posits where the water keep on flowing towards the certain area where the turtle is capable to live. However, it doesn’t matter like this situation but there is a slight the same standpoints. Indeed, Thomas Nagel presented life as instances or in the word accidental and still a mystery. A mystery which is cannot be solved in a logical way. Thus, life for me has something to negate the objectivity and it is necessary in life, as Thomas Aquinas would say.If we try to looks at the case of life in our time, we possible know the flow of life; it has been a structure to make. However, we annunciated to someone by just comparing our existence to other self. LIFE: â€Å"The point of objectivity with respect to value runs the risk of having value behind altogether. We may reach a standpoint so removed from the perspective of human life that all we can do is to observe: nothing seems to have a value of the kind it appears to have from inside and all we can see is human desires, human striving – human valuing as an activity or condition†2As far as I understand from this footnote, it seems that it aims to negate the human life so that we could somehow focus only on the objectivity as basis to look at life giving distance to evaluate life beyond the value of life itself. It is just like to deny the essence of life and then transcend in objective way, so that we can evaluate life by observing the condition of the world. â€Å"The uneasy relation between inner and outer perspectives, neither of which we can escape, makes it hard to maintain a coherent attitude toward the fact that we exist , toward the meaning or point our lives†3 4Yes, since we exist in a mystery or accidental way by means of our parents. We cannot detached the coherent attitudes of life because of the fact that we are imperfect being that have the access to look at the physical world as full of dissatisfaction and as well as looking the content of the world objectively. In other hand, by doing such different functions in our existence, we can slowly know the identity of what should life to be. â€Å"The same person who is subjectively submitted without destroying it – leaving him divided.And objection self, noticing that it is personally identical with the object of its detachment, comes to feel trapped in this particular life – detached but unable to disengage and dragged along by a subjective seriousness it can’t even attempt to rid of† It means that Thomas Nagel from this passages life reduced from universal to particular which the individual life. We have indivi dual insights by looking at life. That there is something things that we not yet to know in each individual, that is why Nagel reduce the objective self.However, it is like this if we try to compare our self to other personally, it seems that there is something that makes us human being different and yet we cannot grasp at it easily, as if we are passive to grasp it. As if, it is known to us but we cannot hold it and that makes everyone unique. It is just like comparing the two people and then eliminates the thing makes different. â€Å"No doubt many who have experienced the discomfort of objective detachment from themselves simply forget about it and live inside the world as if there were no external view†5It means that sometimes as we continue to live in the world, we sometimes forget the basis in life to go back the objective detachment and we simply live our life miserable without seeing the external world, as if we are in blind fold to see the external world. Thomas Nage l emphases that we should not forget what govern life to find the very essence of it by looking the flow of life itself. â€Å"The wish to live so far as possible in full recognition that one’s position in the universe is not central has anelement of the religious impulse about it, or at least an on acknowledges and includes it can be fruitful, even if complete integration inevitably eludes us†6 We cannot deny the fact that most human being searched life through religious impulse or spiritual aspects. Because, some would think in the sense that it can somehow find the authentic answer of life, on what life should be. Even though, some people believe in different doctrines it is necessary to them to worship because they believe that by means of worshiping to something, it can trigger to answer stands of life.I believe that many did this way as contemplation to transcend there self to find the answer of life. â€Å"The external standpoint and the contemplation of death lead to loss of equilibrium in life. Most of us have felt a constant undertow of absurdity in the projects and ambitions that give our lives their forward drive†7 Life is like a substance it has the capacity to transcend in every moment, and it has mind that keeps on thinking in advance on what will happened about natural phenomenon of life basing to the objective reality.It is somehow like putting life into distance and fronting with the external standpoint in able to destroy the objective reality. However, it is always keep on contemplating to transcend life itself looking to others which also keep on wondering that is why the external would allow breaking life into death. If we look the very context of life, it seems that if we could look closely the phenomenon beyond life, there is something would appear that life is like cycle. If there is life, there is also the time of death, which is call as the natural phenomenon of life?So, we could not confiscate life because life i s only cooperating according to existence. I addition , if put life in the particular box and then life would able to get out from that certain box, the life would separate from the external reality and it would create a phenomenon which is in negative side which is death. â€Å"The real me is not merely part of my world. The person who I am is a contingent on me, I depend for my existence on TN, and TN depends on the world and is inessential to it.This is another of the discomforts of being someone in particular; my world depends for its existence on his birth, even though he also appears in it as a character. It is eerie to see oneself and one’s entire world in this way as a natural product†. 8 Thomas from this footnote refers his life according to TN which remind him the being ness of his self in particular. It means that without TN as body, the self which represent as I of Thomas Nagel cannot exist anymore in particular.In addition, there should be something body w hich can represent the whole life of Thomas Nagel which can recognize regarding his existence where he depend on it. In other words, If we elaborate the whole point, I which is TN represents as the one who is doing the action and it would combine the self so that we can see the being ness of Thomas Nagel. MEANING: â€Å"In seeing ourselves from outside we find it difficult to take our lives seriously. This loss of conviction, and attempt to regain it, is the problem of meaning of life†. 9So, Thomas Nagel stated that if we look at life outside vision, we could see the self has a genuine problem. Because, if we put self outside reality it has lots of possibility to be consider and it has potential to not attain the meaning of life. This problem is quite difficult to reconcile. In this problem, I will give this my answer, regarding this one by exposing my analysis at successive parts of the term paper. â€Å"The capacity for transcendence brings with it a liability to alienatio n, and the wish to escape this condition and to find a larger meaning can lead to even greater absurdity.Yet we can’t abandon the external standpoint because it is our own. †10 Transcendence is a factor to attain knowledge, but in this case it’s quite different. Thus, if we keep on transcending her, the life would become absurd it is. We can somehow arrived into absurdity and its very depressing point that the life would arrived into negation. Because if try to put life in the external reality we can somehow see the concrete issue of life to be absurd. Although, we have been sets the different aim in living our existence. In fact, in this footnotes, we could not say that life can attain the meaning of life.Moreover, if keep on transcending ourselves externally, we can not say in the first place that life has a reason to be exists because life in the first place it’s a mystery and aside from that it’s full of negation of permeated by neurotic obsessi on. â€Å"The real problem is with external point of view, which cannot remain a mere spectator once the self has expanded to accommodate it. It has to join in with the rest and lead this life from which it is disengaged. As a result the person becomes in significant part detached from what he is doing†. 11This is just a problem of self from external reality, when it is on the way to expand in leading life into disengaged which can detached from the I, which is the one doing such action. However, this is remaining a problem of self, in putting self into external reality. Once, it is reconcile already, it will give us such conclusion about what should the possibility of life to be. It is absurd or it is life a meaning. This is the clue of this paper, to dissect the essence of life. â€Å"The internal view resist to reduction to a subject interpretation of its contents which the external view tries to force on it.But this puts the objective standpoint in conflict with itself. Finding my objectively insignificant, I am nevertheless unable to extricate myself from an unqualified commitment to it – to my aspirations and ambitions, my wishes for fulfillment, recognition, and understanding, and so forth. The sense of absurd is the result of this juxtaposition†. 12 The fact that the self govern from external reality, the self would return into passivity which can test the objectivity to create a conflict and the internal reality would reduce to particular self.The standpoints of objectivity will calculate the particular object. â€Å"The loss of self in the individual sense is thought to require by the revelations of an impersonal view, which takes precedence over the view from here. And apparently it is possible for some individuals to achieve this withering away of the ego, so that personal life continues only as a vehicle for the transcendent self, not as an end itself†. 13 The particular individuals can achieve the ego of others, if the ego or the â€Å"I† will sensitive on counteracting the possibility of transcendence.Moreover, transcendence is the factor to recall all the past experience of the particular self. But, it will cause also the conflict in the part of transcendence, if the Ego will not aware of the external reality. So, that would that the self should be careful of transcending while looking the self to the external or outside reality because as Thomas Nagel said that it will the possible can that the life will absurd and he agreed about that thought. â€Å"I would rather lead absurd life engaged in the particular than a seamless transcendental life immersed in the universal†. 14As what I understood from this passage from the book, it seems that Thomas Nagel would rather like to project his vision of life in the particular subjective standpoints than to project life in the universal objective reality. Here, we can see the important of particular subjectivity and we can also find here th e deduction point of view about life, wherein life reduces from universal to particular subjectivity. I would rather to affirm the point of Thomas Nagel that life should be in the particular stands so that it will become easy to us to eliminate the habitual weakness in life which are the failures.â€Å"Objectivity is not content to remain a servant of the individual perspective and its values. It has a life of its own inspiration for transcendence that will not be quieted in response to the call to reassume our true identity. This shows itself not only in the permanent disaffection from individual life that is the sense of the absurd†. 15 The objectivity has a life, as what Thomas Nagel clarifies from this passage, in which can drives the whole rule of transcendence. So, objectivity is not the things subject can be independent itself. It is a matter of looking at the particular subjective reality.â€Å"The external standpoint plays an important positive role in human motivat ion as well as a negative one, and the two cannot separate. Both depend on the independence of the external view and the pressure it puts us under to bring it into our lives. The sense of the absurd is just a perception of the limits of this effort; reached when we ascend higher on the transcendental ladder than a mere human individuality can follow, even with the help of considerable readjustment†. 16 It means that if our life climb to objectivity and yet it will not successfully fulfill to complete, the will arrived to absurdity.In this passage, it seems that we can find two movements here of life. To go up to objectivity and to retreat from the objectivity to go down, return to particular subjective being and yet this would be the primary cause of absurd life. Thomas Nagel agreed with this kind of thought and he presented that the subject not the complete in objectivity, it would full to go down and then, he said that this is the origin of the absurdity in life. In addition , we transcend objectively and yet we fail to reach the completeness of our transcendence and the possible life to do is to go back into particular.This is the reason why our life will absurd and Thomas Nagel defended on this argument, in saying partially that life will absurd through this instances. We can copy this argument by citing again the analogy of certain spider which chain in the men’s urinal room. So, if we try to trace back the analogy of the spider, it seems we can find the same cases to what Thomas Nagel saying about the absurdity of life. So, in the case of the spider, since the spider is in chain for almost ten years and the only thing that the spider can do is to keep climbing the wall up and down in any moment.The same also about the reason why our life will be absurd according Thomas Nagel. This point will be included in the part of my critique. â€Å"Finally, there is an attitude which cuts through the opposition between transcendent universality and paro chial self – absorption and that is the attitude of nonegocentric respect for the particular†. 17 As what my analogy would explain this passage that there is something an impulse of cutting the universal and particular which can be the cause of life to be absurd.However, from this instance in times of cutting both universal and particular, it would try to say that the subject or the individual self can be the attitude of nonegocentric of the particular subjectivity. DEATH: â€Å"Particular things can have a noncompetitive completeness which is transparent to all aspects to all aspects of the self. This also helps explain why the experience of great beauty tends to unify the self: the object engages us immediately and totally in a way that makes distinctions among points of view of irrelevant†.18 It seems that particular can freely stand transparently to all aspects of self with no competitions to objective reality. The particular here also has its own unifying id entity which cultivate by any subject. Most of us can deal about personal self without consulting to the other self and it is an overview of the independent of particular to stand alone and looking only in future by using present individual self. This is formally called as unifying idea of the particular which is the principle of particular itself.However, this could not suppose that this is only the attitudes or characteristic of particular, which is to unify the principle itself, as a basis in looking to other reality. But rather, the particular has also consists of several transparent characteristics to set as guidelines to eliminate the completeness of the objectivity. â€Å"Our constitutional self – absorption together with our capacity to recognize its excessiveness make us irreducibly absurd even if we achieve a measure of subjective-objective integration by bringing the two standpoints closer together.The gap is too wide to be closed entirely, for anyone who is fully human†. 19 From this footnote, Thomas Nagel put self as having limitation to integrate other subject which irreducible to reach the point of absurdity of life in each subject-objective by bringing the two standpoints, in which the two points have a connection to limit the movement of self to other self which can possible, made the absurdity of human life. This is still the problem here, even if life will organized other subject which also had life.So, the capacity of self here is quite limited, in short self has limited territory to move. Unlike, the part objectivity, it us has universal movement which means the objectivity has the unlimited to move anytime. â€Å"We are so accustomed to the parallel progress of subjective and objective time that there is some that there is some shock in the realization that the world will go calmly on without me after I disappear. It is the ultimate form of abandonment†.20 It simply means that if the self will experienced in track of death, the objective time will not stop to function but it will spontaneously working to keep on transcending and transcending, even if all existence will in that track of death. The objective still continues to exist and do the function to the world. â€Å"In our objective conception of the world, particular things can come to an end because the possibility of their non- existence is allowed for.The possibility of both the existence and the nonexistence of a particular object, artifact, organism, or person is given by actualities which underlie either possibility and coexist with both of them. Thus the existence of certain elements and truth of the laws of chemistry underlie the possibility of synthesizing a particular chemical compound, or of decomposing it. Such possibilities rest on actualities†21. The issue here regarding this footnote, is that particular things was already have a place wherein it was being actualize and this actuality is no other than death.It is someho w the same with the act and potency. In such life continue moving towards the existence itself and yet as a result is the actuality to be actualize which is death. Death is actuality, because the possibility of nonexistence is allowed to enter in the particular things which the human being is involved which underlie for this stage to not again exist. â€Å"This is a very strong form of nothingness, the disappearance of an inner world that had not been thought of as a contingent manifestation at all and whose absence is therefore not the realization of a possibility already contained in the conception of it.It turns out that I am not the sort of a thing I was unconsciously tempted to think I was a set of ungrounded possibilities as opposed to a set of possibilities grounded in a contingent actuality†22 From these footnotes, refers to the definition of death and it is being referred also to the possibility of realization that had been set to be actualizing as ungrounded series to the possibility of life. This realization that I’m referring to is not â€Å"in the future events† but it is rather in the present events of life.It is just like that we can only think in the present but nothingness comes, nothing cans future to think of. â€Å"Another reason to regard death without too much concern is that everyone’s mortality is part of the general cycle of biological renewal which, like the fact that hawks eat mice, it makes no sense to deplore†. 23 Practical speaking death is a part of life which all of the living things including us are subject to dies. On other hand, life has a biological renewal, even if our life will absurd to exist.As Blondel said that life and death has no other way to escape, but to undergo a process to of life which is death is natural to be taken those who exist. Our life is not permanent here on earth. We only barrowed these lives in order for us exist. â€Å"My death was going to occur in consequence of the end of the world†. 24 It means that if human being experienced life to exist, human being also will have to experience death which is the consequences of our existence. Human life is not permanent even other living being it has the access to take death. In short, no one is excused to take life in death.Because, our life here on earth were pass by and because of the very fact that we are mortal being. In short, all things living organism is subject to destined in death. However, living organism even human being hasn’t known what specific time death will come to us, we just unaware of the time to take death. Conclusion: Well, based on the footnotes that I have been explained, the Skeptical mind of Thomas Nagel looking at life, he really believes that life will absurd by putting life in external reality and proving the common ground of human being which gives us a view that the life will absurd.Thus, I would like first to elaborate why our life will absurd by again us ing the analogy of the spider. So, as I look at the analogy of the spider, for almost ten years in chain in the men’s urinal room, so, the only thing that can spider did was to repeated and repeated climbed up in the wall finding the tiny attractive insects to feed as means survival and yet it goes down where the spider started to climb from that particular wall any moment of instances and that makes the absurdity of the life.However, if we try also to elaborate our life as human being, we can see the big deal here about the absurdity of life by just looking at our self to the objective reality, in which our life are restless, always keep on in desiring and struggling just to go beyond the objective reality and yet, we fail to go beyond objectively because we have only limited capacity to grasp that, then we stop to go beyond and go back the origin because we cannot hold the very beyond of life because we are limited to reached that beyond ness and we cannot force ourselves t o tap for something divine for us, that’s why our life will arrived at absurdity.I will negate the idea of Thomas Nagel because actually in the very nature of life there is no infinite movement to escape from this absurdity of life and this is the very nature of life because, in the first place, we were exist in mystery way with limited knowledge of the external reality. So, what we should to do is only to accept whatever the consequence of our existence.On the other hand, Thomas Nagel considered this absurdity as a consequence of our existence. However, as we know that life will have the access to be absurd, then we should not let our life do what is not good for us but to rather, continue nurture our life in right path. I therefore, conclude that life wills absurd because our life has a limitation to look at objectively and the limitation is hindrance to absurd life.

Command of Evidence 3 Key SAT Writing Strategies

Command of Evidence 3 Key SAT Writing Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Questions that fall under the umbrella of the Command of Evidence SAT subscore appear on both the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT.This article will focus exclusively on Command of Evidence questions in the Writing section, including examples from practice tests, answer explanations, and test-taking tips that are specific to these types of questions.Head over to this article instead if you're looking for a detailed discussion of Command of Evidence questions in the Reading section. What Are Command of Evidence Questions? What Do They Test? Command of Evidence is one of the new subscores on the SAT.There are 18 total Command of Evidence questions on the test (Reading and Writing together), eight of which will appear on the Writing section.Your raw score out of 18 will be translated into a final subscore out of 15. Command of Evidence questions on the Writing section ask you to improve the ways passages develop information and ideas.You might choose an answer that sharpens an argumentative claim or adds a relevant supporting detail.The three types of Command of Evidence questions that exist in the Writing section are the following (names of categories were provided by me, not the College Board): Type 1: Setting the Stage - Choose the right piece of evidence to include in the passage to set up the information the author presents later. Type 2: Logical Additions - Decide whether the author should add a given sentence to the passage strengthen the argument (and why or why not) or choose the best sentence to add out of four possibilities. Type 3: Data Descriptions - Choose the best way to phrase the passage so that it accurately reflects the data provided. In the next section, I’ll take you through example questions from each of these categories so you can see exactly how to answer them on the test. Examples of Command of Evidence Questions on Writing In this section, I'll provide real examples and answer explanations for all three categories of Command of Evidence questions. Type 1: Setting the Stage Here’s an example of the first type of question. You’re asked to choose the phrase that most effectively introduces information in the passage: We have to decide whether the information flows well with the current phrasing or if â€Å"leading the way† should be replaced with one of the other three phrases to make things clearer.Choice B, â€Å"being cleaned and restored,† doesn’t quite fit because it relates to the information before that sentence, not the information that follows in the rest of the paragraph.It’s also superfluous because the author already stated that artists have been cleaning and restoring the murals. It can be inferred that â€Å"America Tropical† is included in this. Choice C, â€Å"at risk of destruction,† is also incorrect because the rest of the paragraph mentions nothing about the mural being at risk of destruction.It’s just talking about the mural's new status as a tourist attraction.This is an irrelevant answer based on the evidence. Choice D, â€Å"awaiting its moment of appreciation,† almost fits, but it’s still wrong.The mural isn’t AWAITING its moment of appreciation based on the last two sentences. It’s already being appreciated as a major tourist attraction. Choice A, NO CHANGE, is the only answer that makes sense.The paragraph goes on to support the claim that the mural is â€Å"leading the way† by discussing its status as the first restored mural to become a prominent tourist destination and inspiration for cultural preservation. Final Answer: A Another dope painting by Siqueiros (El Museo Nacional de Arte,used under CC by 2.0) Type 2: Logical Additions For this question type, you have to decide whether the author should include a sentence in the passage to reinforce his or her point OR decide which sentence out would make the most sense in the passage.I’ll give two question examples in this case because there are two different formats that you’ll see for this type of question.Here’s the first one (using the same part of the passage that we looked at in the last subsection): This question requires a little more context to find the right answer.First, read the passage with the suggested sentence inserted to get a sense of whether or not it should be included (I’ll wait).When you add the sentence, it feels like an inappropriate interruption that diverts attention from the main focus of the paragraph. It seems repetitive given that we already know the mural is considered a "powerful work."This narrows our options down to the two â€Å"no† answers, C and D. Is the information in the sentence already given earlier in the passage? Looking back, you can see that it was (this question comes from new SAT sample practice test four if you want to read the whole passage), so C is a possibility.What about D? Well, if the information was in the passage at one point, then the claim IS supported by the passage, so D has to be wrong. Final Answer: C Here’s another example of the same type of question formatted slightly differently: This time, we have to pick the best sentence out of four choices to insert into the paragraph.As it says in the question, we're looking for the sentence that best supports the author’s claim that there’s nothing wrong with nonorganic food. Choice A has nothing to do with the author’s point, and, in fact, could serve as part of a counterargument (organic foods are more tightly regulated, so they’re safer for consumers!).We can rule out this one. Choice B could also be a part of a counterargument - organic food is regulated to eliminate artificial ingredients! That's not helping the author’s case.Get rid of choice B too. Choice C makes sense because it explains how the already small risks associated with ingesting pesticides can easily be eliminated just by washing or peeling nonorganic fruits and vegetables before eating them.This takes the author’s argument further and reinforces the main point of the paragraph. Choice D is incorrect because it’s talking about the widespread use of pesticides,and the author is looking to deemphasize the impact of pesticide use.This answer can be eliminated, and we’re left with Choice C! Final Answer: C Organic food successfully tapped into the flourishing market of suburbanites trying to one-up each other based on ultimately meaningless lifestyle choices. Type 3: Data Descriptions The final type of evidence question on the Writing section will ask you to look at data and make sure it lines up with the information in the passage.Here’s an example: This question is simple if you read carefully, but it’s easy to get confused if you’re rushing.I actually read the passage incorrectly at first and thought the answer key had made a mistake! This question is careless mistake central. Let’s look at the choices.In the original version of the passage, the descriptions of where each term is used do not correspond to the information on the map.The passage says that â€Å"soda† is the term most commonly used in the middle and western regions of the US while the map shows that â€Å"pop† is most common in these regions.The first term in the passage should be â€Å"pop† if all the other information is kept the same, so the answer is either B or C.The original passage goes on to say that â€Å"pop† is most common in southern states, which we know to be false.According to the map, it’s actually â€Å"coke.†The only answer that starts with â€Å"pop† and â€Å"coke† is choice C, so that’s the one we want! Final Answer: C What do you call this stuff? If you answered "fizz juice," you'll never belong anywhere. Tips for Answering Command of Evidence Questions on SAT Writing Here are a few key Command of Evidence tips for when you come across these types of questions in the Writing section. Tip #1: Plug in the Answer If you’re given several different options for the appropriate phrase to insert, start reading one or two sentences before the question number shows up in the paragraph.Read through that part of the paragraph in its modified form, and then continue reading for a sentence or two afterward to see if it really makes sense in the flow of the passage (and based on the facts presented in the paragraph). Command of evidence questions never take place in a vacuum, so it’s critical to read the surrounding text to make sure you have the right answer.Plugging in the potential answer and reading it through carefully is the best way to assess the viability of your choice. Tip #2: Find Direct Support The whole point of these questions is to test your ability to pick out answers that make the most sense based on the information in the passage.For every choice you make, you should be able to find part of the passage (or figure) that directly supports your answer.This is a good way to double-check that you didn’t make any unfounded assumptions (or reading mistakes) to arrive at your answer. Tip #3: Read Carefully The Writing section requires strict attention to detail, so try not to rush, and double-check your answers by reading them over again in the context of the passage.Pay attention to the tone and flow of the passage as a whole.There are a few questions where you’ll need to refer to evidence earlier in the passage to confirm your answers, like the question we did in the Logical Additions category. The sentence didn’t make sense because it repeated information that was already stated earlier in the passage. Working methodically on these questions will prevent you from missing out on details or switching parts of the question around by accident.If you come across a data interpretation question, you should be completely sure of what the graph or chart is telling you before answering the question.Some of the SAT's data representations are more nuanced than you might expect. You must become one with the data. It's the only way. Conclusion Command of Evidence is a subscore category on the SAT that spans across the Reading and Writing sections. Command of Evidence questions show up in the Writing section of the SAT in several different forms. The three varieties I've identified are: Setting the Stage (questions that ask you to choose the best phrase to insert to make information flow logically) Logical Additions (questions where you have to decide whether it makes sense to add something to the passage or not) Data Descriptions (questions that refer to charts or graphs and ask you to ensure that the information in the passage matches up with the data provided) A few tips for answering these types of questions are: Tip #1: Plug in the Answer Tip #2: Find Direct Support Tip #3: Read the Passage Carefully For Command of Evidence questions, finding the right answer is all about attention to detail and strong reading comprehension skills. Be sure to practice reading passages and paying attention to context so you can make the correct choices based on the evidence at hand. What's Next? If you're looking for more ways to improve your performance, check out our list of five key strategies that will help you excel on the Writing section. You can also use this article to review the most important grammar rules for the SAT Writing section. Speaking of writing, are you taking the SAT with the essay section? Learn more about how to get an awesome essay score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. 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Best Examples of Palindromes in the English Language

Best Examples of Palindromes in the English Language What do the words â€Å"madam,† â€Å"mom,† and â€Å"rotor† have in common? They are palindromes: words, phrases, verses, sentences, or a series of characters that read the same both forwards and backwards. A palindrome can be as short as three characters (mom, for instance), or as long as an entire novel. Take this multi-sentence palindrome as an example: Are we not pure? â€Å"No, sir!† Panama’s moody Noriega brags. â€Å"It is garbage!† Irony dooms a man - a prisoner up to new era. From dad to kayak, you likely encounter many palindromes in your daily life. In addition to everyday speech, this feature of language has applications from literature to classical music composition to molecular biology.   The History of Palindromes â€Å"Palindrome† derives from the Greek word palà ­ndromos, meaning â€Å"running back again.† However, the use of palindromes was not exclusive to the Greeks. Since at least 79 AD, palindromes appeared in Latin, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. English poet John Taylor was hailed as one of the first palindrome writers when he wrote: â€Å"Lewd did I live, evil I did dwel.† In the following centuries, palindromes increased in popularity, and by 1971, the Guinness Book of World Records began to officially recognize the worlds longest palindromes. Between 1971 and 1980, the winner grew from 242 words to 11,125 words. Today, palindromes are celebrated on Palindrome Days, when the numerical date is itself a palindrome (e.g. 11/02/2011). With palindromes, the same rules of punctuation, capitalization and spacing don’t apply. For example, the word â€Å"Hannah† is a palindrome, even though both â€Å"H’s† aren’t capitalized. And what about words that spell another word backwards, like â€Å"live† becoming â€Å"evil†? That’s called a semordnilap, which happens to be itself a semordnilap of palindrome. Record-Breaking Palindromes Youre probably familiar with some of the most famous palindromes in the English language, like Madam, Im Adam and a nut for a jar of tuna. How many of these lesser-known, record-breaking palindromes do you know? The longest palindromic English word, according to the Guinness Book of World records: detartrated. The Guinness Book of Records bestowed the honor of longest English palindrome to detartrated, which is the preterit and past participle of detartrate, meaning to remove tartrates, or organic compounds. Unlike most English palindromes, which usually have seven letters or fewer, this has 11- impressive, except that Finnish palindromes easily rival it, with two having 25 letters.   The longest palindromic English word, according to the Oxford English Dictionary: tattarrattat. Coined by James Joyce in his 1922 novel Ulysses, the word is an onomatopoeia. It has been used to describe the sound of someone knocking on a door. The most recognizable palindromic poem: â€Å"Doppelgnger† by English poet James A. Lindon. At the poem’s midway point, each line is repeated backwards. The use of the device has literary significance: the concept of a doppelgnger involves a ghostly reflection of oneself, and the palindromic structure means that the latter half of the poem serves as a reflection of the first half.   The best palindromic place name: Wassamassaw. Wassamassaw is a swamp in South Carolina   The best Finnish palindrome: saippuakuppinippukauppias. This is the Finnish word for a soap cup trader, one of the longest palindromes in the world The longest palindromic novel: Lawrence Levine’s Dr. Awkward Olson in Oslo. In 1986, Lawrence Levine published the 31,954-word Dr. Awkward Olson in Oslo. Like Stephen’s letter, the novel is primarily gibberish. The history-based palindrome: Able was I ere I saw Elba. This palindrome related to French leader Napoleon Bonaparte’s exile to the island of Elba.   The best album title: Satanoscillatemymetallicsonatas (Satan, oscillate my metallic sonatas). In 1991, American rock band Soundgarden included this bonus CD with some editions of Badmotorfinger, their third studio album.   The longest letter: David Stephen’s Satire: Veritas. Published in 1980 as a monograph, the letter is 58,706 words long. The ancient Roman palindrome: In girum imus nocte et consumimur igni. Like the Greeks, the Romans were also fans of palindromes, and this translates to â€Å"we enter the circle after dark and are consumed by fire,† which was believed to relate to how moths circled a flame. Palindromes in Math, Science, and Music Palindromic strands of DNA can be found in molecular biology, and mathematicians may look for palindromic numbers that have unique properties. Classical, experimental, and humorist composers have integrated musical palindromes into their work, including Joseph Haydn and Weird Al Yankovic.  Hadyns Symphony No. 47 in G Major was nicknamed The Palindrome since the Minuetto al Roverso and the Trio are both written so that second part of each piece is the same as the first, only backwards.

Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award

Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award Introduction The Baldrige award came to be in 1987 when the death of the secretary of commerce Mr. Malcolm Baldrige. The full names are Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, and the award is funded by congress through the secretary of commerce.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sole essence of starting this award was to promote the organization to have promoted total quality management among American companies for easier ushering them to 21st century. Total quality management seeks to ensure that an organization continually improves, as well as keeps in mind the satisfaction of the customers. In short, it seeks not to achieve perfection but to continually keep improving the organization’s services and achieve the highest level of success. The Baldrige criteria has evolved from being business oriented to accommodate ot her sectors of the economy. Some of these sectors include the following manufacturers, small businesses, Education, services industry, and healthcare. Other counties of the world have come to adopt it in the production since globalization has hit the world. All this can be attributing to the fact that there are achievable benefits by incorporating it especially in the business world. Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award There are various strengths that are so much of benefit to any organization in the world. To start with, organizations have been stimulated to improve their quality and productivity so as to gain recognition while at the same time having a competitive edge and gaining profits. The fact that there is recognition of the best performing companies when it comes to the quality means that a company will continual to strive to be among them since it promotes the image of a business organization. The fact that the award also runs through all sectors of the economy means that they are all enticed to achieve a high efficiency and through this, the whole economy develops (Davis et al., 1999). Applicability is another strength found in Baldrige criterion. The meaning of this is that it can be applied to all organizations irrespective of their size. It is also not discriminative to the type of industry involved, whether it is service or manufacturing, all of them are included. The same is extended to sectors of the economy, as it is applicable to both the public and private sectors of the economy. Awareness is also brought out through the existence of this award. The challenge of foreign firms is highlighted and as statistics have shown United States, national growth and competition has been low in the last two decades. There is also the impact in knowledge it offers to companies and business organization in various sectors of the economy. Facts like the circumstance that poor quality costs consume about 20% of all the revenues in the country have been revealed through it. In addition, essential information has been unveiled to various organizations, among them are the benefits that are accrued due to having quality products. For example, having quality products means a higher productivity is achieved and that same time it minimizes the cost of producing them (Leonard, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Enhancement on the strategic planning of the quality and quality movement has also been experienced. The achievement of this is through a desired commitment to have excellence in the both manufacturing and services industry. In turn, the economy has been improved as well as the ability to compete in the global market. It improves the cost the quality of manufactured goods. The cost of production has also been minimized by having knowledge of how to improve the productivity of workers and usage o f statistics to control cost. Quality is also improved as the company incorporates measures that are able to improve the company’s competitive edge through having products of high quality (Evans, 2008). It also ensures that the consumers demand are met, indirectly Baldrige award ensures that the demand of the consumers are considered as well as been put into perspective as it is one of the requirement necessary to remain competitive in the market. Only with the satisfaction of the consumers does an organization continue to remain in the market, and this is one of the most important things management should consider doing. The focus of the company’s strengths and weaknesses is also considered. It is important for the organization to ensure that they maintain the strengths they have in the market and subsequently try to minimize the weaknesses that may be putting them down in their fighting of the market conquest. A plan should therefore be put in place to ensure that an organization puts the weaknesses in controllable position so that they do not hinder them in achieving their goals. There has also been improvement in the performance where a place of excellence has been achieved (Cartin,1999). The approach has been integrated in nature and some of the results achieved include the following; the capabilities of the organization have been improved as well as the effectiveness in the organization. The delivery of the services has also improved, which has in turn resulted to success in the market place. Though there are so many strengths that are associated in this award there has been also an experience of weaknesses in it. It requires the organization to have significant time and resources to achieve such an award. As it has always been said, any success has to be achieved with an amount of sacrifice the organization sacrifice a lot of time in trying to do research that may get them results of what they need to improve on. In addition, a good number of resources have to be included for such success to be achieved. The resources range from qualified personnel and monetary resource. Some small companies may lack some of this resources and that is why some of them are finding nit hard to compete against big and established organization. A lot of commitment is also needed to run such a system needed to reach the greatest level of success that Baldrige talks of (Wilson,2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Strengths and weaknesses of the Baldrige Award specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The problem may be exaggerated further by senior leaders in the organization who may have misgiving in the long-term commitment of system thinking. The fact that it may sometimes take a long time to achieve Baldrige standard means that there is dangers that seniors in the organization may not comprehend it. Finally, the complexity of the criterion is also a weakness in it. S ome organization may find it hard to work with such complex measures to achieve the defined success. Conclusion A Baldrige criterion is one of the best methods a business can incorporate to achieve success in its operation. The fact that it is inclined to ensuring satisfaction among the customers ensures retaining of the customers as well as having a broader base of customers. The good thing with it is it does not aim at achieving perfection but rather a high level of quality at whatever size the organization has since even the small organization can get to enjoy it. Establishment of Baldrige award is one of the best thoughts to have been put in someone’s mind. The fact that each company seeks recognition means that each and every company will act in a way to achieve it, and what better way to promote the economy of a country than this? References List Cartin, T. J. (1999). Principles and practices of organizational performance excellence. Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press. Davis, M., Aquilano, N. J., Chase, R. B. (1999). Fundamentals of operations management. Boston: Irwin, McGraw-Hill. Evans, J. (2008). Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence. Ohio: Cengage Learning. Leonard, D. ( 2007). The executive guide to understanding and implementing the Baldrige criteria: improve revenue and create organizational excellence. Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Wilson, J. P. (2005). Human resource development: learning training for individuals organizations. London: Kogan Page Publishers.

Sexual Harassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexual Harassment - Essay Example The aim of this study is to present scenario of the sexual harassment that occurs in the school environment. This stirs great concern because approximately 81 percent of students experience any form of sexual harassment during their stay in school and 27 percent repeatedly encounters such situations. These students may encounter harassment from other students, which comprise 85% of the student while 40 percent from the teachers and other personnel of the school ("Sexual Harassment Information for Teens" 2006). Sexual harassment is one issue that has a subjective definition. Its meaning varies on the context of different groups, organizations or bodies that implement sanction against harassment. To this effect, teens and adults encounters confusion on the grounds of sexual harassment, thus, they may not voice out such experiences ("Every Teen Counts" 1997). As quoted on the study conducted by Susan Strauss, according to the National Advisory Council on Women's Educational Programs sexual harassment is any action that attacks the sexuality and the sexual aspect or a person acquired with the emphasis on the authority over students that can hindrance the development of full potential and capabilities (1993). Some forms of sexual harassment that female students encounter may include having physical contact, making sexual comments, receiving unwanted communications and indecent propositions. Physical contact can occur in different ways like grabbing or holding sensitive areas of the body and kissing against the will. Giving offensive names, starting rumors or sexual jokes about a person along with bad gestures are forms of sexual harassment. Also, any form of communication that is not welcomed, which may be hostile or distressing to the recipient, is considered as sexual harassment. This may include calls, letters and any form of stalking. Another action that is considered as harassment is indecent proposals. For students, this usually comes in the form of higher grade or academic standing in exchange for sexual favors ("Sexual Harassment Information for Teens" 2006). A survey of the American Association of University Women on 1993, whose results were quoted by Kathryn Wells Murdock and D avid Kysilko in their research, other forms of sexual harassment in school includes any actions that assault the sexuality of a student. Oftentimes, being called gay or lesbian, and other acts of gender-related public humiliation toward same or opposite sexes are included in the grounds for sexual harassment. More than half of the respondent students, 66% were victims of sexually-offensive jokes or actions, which are frequently considered as harmless stunts. This is a misconception because it leaves marks on the victim's personality (1998). Effects of Sexual Harassment Being the object of sexual harassment causes changes in a person's physical and emotional well-being. Effects can be observed in the significant changes in the behavior of a victim of sexual harassment. Some of the indications include self-consciousness, lost of self-esteem, depression and anger towards the attacker. With regards to emotional aspect, female students have more observable indications of sexual harassment experiences compared to male students, although the percentage of the female and the male students that experiences harassment is almost the same. Physical indications

Capstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Capstone - Essay Example The mission and vision provide a target for the company’s strategy development. This means that a single criterion of a careful strategy is how efficiently it assists the firm in achieving its mission and vision (Bonaich, 2004). Strategies are clear on what the company will do and not do in order to achieve the mission and vision. The company’s vision also gives a bridge between the strategy and the mission. Wall-mart vision and mission enhance the spirit of continuous innovation of products and also their improvement (Edward, 2006). The mission and vision give a top notch guide, and the company’s strategy provide a more certain guide, to the company’s goals and objectives (Chazen, 2002). This shows both the successes and the failures of the set strategy, and at the same time, the satisfaction of the set objectives found in the mission (Bonaich, 2004). The stakeholders are the pillar of the organization they are essential during the starting period of the company, but once the firm became functional it was the customers who keep the business going (Fishman, 2006). Customers are influential in generating revenue which is crucial for running the company (Ruta, 2009). Customers of Wall Mart are, therefore, the most influential stakeholders of the company. Employees give the necessary human resources that move the engine of production of goods and marketing of the produced goods (Chazen, 2002). Without them, the company is unlikely to function even if there exists customers and shareholders ready to purchase the goods offered by the company. Employees of Wall Mart are highly treasured since they are the ones selling and marketing the products to consumers (Bonaich, 2004). Suppliers of the goods and services are vital as they provide the goods which the company depends on to produce or sell its outputs. Without them, marketing and production become rendered null and void. Society impacts the organization in a big way (Ruta,

Wynn Las Vegas Environmental Analysis Assignment

Wynn Las Vegas Environmental Analysis - Assignment Example Growing number of visitors provides an opportunity to Wynn Las Vegas. For example, they can offer more creative, luxurious, economical and mesmerizing hospitality services to the potential clients for Wynn Resorts. For example, they can offer additional concession or attached offer if a new client first time avails and enjoys the hospitality services in the Resort. Switch, Las Vegas-based technology firm, plans to create more jobs in Las Vegas by bringing more technological investment to Las Vegas (Komenda, 2015). This increase would directly benefit to hospitality firms, such as Wynn Resorts, as the availability of the latest technology will enable them to access more customer data and that data can be further processed for churning out the customer trends which can be used to increase the frequency of customers by looking into their tastes, choices and expectations from the firms operating in the hospitality industry. Technology offers faster and greater access to information. For example, faster and greater access to information will enable the potential customers to choose the most economical offer and rate. And this could lead to decrease in occupancy ratio. Nightlife has become a modern trend in Las Vegas. It has become a common habit of residents and visitors to enjoy nightlife in Las Vegas as many entertainment places are open throughout night. And this trend has become a cultural part of Las Vegas. Wynn Resorts should avail this new trend of nightlife structure by providing attractive entertainment services and offers to the current and potential customers. For example, double offer can be provided in which availing and paying for one service would bring access to the attached service with that purchase. Through this double offer, Wynn can increase its occupancy ratio and can attract more clients. Porter’s five forces model is consisted of threat of substitutes, bargaining power of buyers, suppliers,

The structure of interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The structure of interviews - Essay Example In the prediction of job’s performance, a structured interview is preferred over unstructured one. Moreover, a structured interview bases the information derived from the interviews on merit. Therefore, a structured interview is less subject to bias, legally defensible, more reliable, and more accurate (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). The realization of the potential of the structured interview requires an attention of the stages during the interview process. The steps cover its development, then implementation and finally, evaluation. A structured form of the interview always involves planning. The process involves questions that are organized, thorough in the analysis of the key requirements and a given merit criteria that is expected to job performance. The same type of questions applies to all candidates, and their responses standardized using a predetermined scheme of rating. Such measures help to give a clear link between the performance of the job and the performance during the interview process. It therefore, minimizes the personal bias during the process (Farago, 2010). As the questions link to the job competencies, the candidate is more likely to bring out their performance on-the-job. Therefore, the process predicts accurately on the performance of the candidate. Moreover, using structured means gives the interview process a legal defensibility. For example, the courts often scrutinize on the consistency, job relatedness and the objectivity of the interview process. Therefore, its procedural rigor makes it a more formal process (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). A structured interview enhances an equal opportunity and objectivity of work. The candidates respond to the same type of questions, giving a fair assessment. Assessing the candidate’s responses to the relevant criteria gives each candidate an opportunity to show their qualifications. In harmony, by interviewing the candidates by an interview board ensures objectivity as it reaches a

Harlequin Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harlequin - Case Study Example he product since each novel is a prominent segment of a superior product line, whose quality is delivered consistently in a manner that provides immense satisfaction and exhilaration to the consumers (Mark 3). Harlequin should re-enter the single-title business since the business presents the organization with substantive growth opportunities, particularly in terms of enhancing sales volumes. Since trends in the publishing industry show that demand for single-title fictional books continues to increase despite the stable demand of series romance, harlequin should re-enter the business so as to maximize opportunities presented by increasing demand. While single-title publishing presents relatively immense risks, the company’s previous venture into the business will prove beneficial since the company is aware of the mistakes it made during its last attempt at the single-title business. Furthermore, harlequin’s successfulness in the publishing industry is a significant advantage since a vast majority of the risks vary depending on the author’s reputation (Mark 2). Furthermore, harlequin needs to redefine its brand by entering the single-title business. This is primarily because research indicates substantive declines in the growth of the romance series business, which could, in turn, result in massive

The structure of interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The structure of interviews - Essay Example In the prediction of job’s performance, a structured interview is preferred over unstructured one. Moreover, a structured interview bases the information derived from the interviews on merit. Therefore, a structured interview is less subject to bias, legally defensible, more reliable, and more accurate (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). The realization of the potential of the structured interview requires an attention of the stages during the interview process. The steps cover its development, then implementation and finally, evaluation. A structured form of the interview always involves planning. The process involves questions that are organized, thorough in the analysis of the key requirements and a given merit criteria that is expected to job performance. The same type of questions applies to all candidates, and their responses standardized using a predetermined scheme of rating. Such measures help to give a clear link between the performance of the job and the performance during the interview process. It therefore, minimizes the personal bias during the process (Farago, 2010). As the questions link to the job competencies, the candidate is more likely to bring out their performance on-the-job. Therefore, the process predicts accurately on the performance of the candidate. Moreover, using structured means gives the interview process a legal defensibility. For example, the courts often scrutinize on the consistency, job relatedness and the objectivity of the interview process. Therefore, its procedural rigor makes it a more formal process (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). A structured interview enhances an equal opportunity and objectivity of work. The candidates respond to the same type of questions, giving a fair assessment. Assessing the candidate’s responses to the relevant criteria gives each candidate an opportunity to show their qualifications. In harmony, by interviewing the candidates by an interview board ensures objectivity as it reaches a